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Suriah

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Republik Arab Suriah
اَلْجُمْهُورِيَّةُ الْعَرَبِيَّةُ السُّورِيَّةُ
al-Jumhūriyya al-ʿArabiyya as-Sūriyya (Arab)
Flag of Suriah
manḍira (de facto)
Location of Suriah
Capital
and largest city
Damaskus
35°13′00″N 38°35′00″E / 35.21667°N 38.58333°E / 35.21667; 38.58333
Official languagesArab
GovernmentParnata transisi
• Presiden
Sobung
Sobung
Mohammad Al-Bashir
Legislatureمجلس الشعب
Majlis asy-Sya'ab
Establishment
8 Maret 1920
1 Desember 1924
14 Mei 1930
• kamardhika'an
24 Oktober 1945
• Akhir ḍâri mandat Prancis
17 April 1946
• napèyal dhibi' ḍâri Republik Arab Bersatu
28 September 1961
8 Maret 1963
• Konstitusi saat ini
27 Februari 2012
8 Desember 2024
Area
• Total
185.180 km2 (71.500 sq mi) (87)
• Water (%)
1,1
Population
• 2024 estimate
25.000.753[2] (60)
• Density
118,3/km2 (306,4/sq mi) (70)
GDP (PPP)2015 estimate
• Total
$50,28 miliar[3]
• Per capita
$2.900[3]
GDP (nominal)2014 estimate
• Total
$24,6 miliar[3] (167)
Gini (2014)55.8[4]
high inequality
HDI (2021)Steady 0.577[5]
medium (150)
CurrencyPound Suriah (LS) (SYP)
Time zoneUTC+3 (Bâkto Standar Arab)
• Summer (DST)
UTC+3 (Bâkto Standar Arab)
Drives onkangan
Calling code+963
ISO 3166 codeSY
Internet TLD.sy
سوريا.

Suriah (Arab: سُورِيَا otabâ سُورِيَة, Sūriyā), kelabân nyama rosmi Republik Arab Suriah (Arab: اَلْجُمْهُورِيَّةُ ٱلْعَرَبِيَّةُ ٱلْسُوْرِيَّة, romanized: al-Jumhūriyya al-ʿArabiyya as-Sūriyya), èngghi panèka sapospa naghârâ neng Arab Levant (Syam), Tèmor Tengnga, kantos Asia bârâ'. Suriah atancer kelabân Saghârâ Mediterania neng bârâ', Türkiye neng dâjâ, Irak neng tèmor tor tongghârâ, Yordania neng lao', mangsana Israel, Palestina, tor Lebanon neng bârâ' dâjâ. Siprus atoghu neng bârâ' malangè Saghârâ Mediterania. Sapospa naghârâ tèngghângan landhu, paghunongan tèngghi, tor ghurun, Suriah ya'ni compo' ḍâ' coraghân pondhu etnis tor aghâma, èpandhâlienna amayoritas Arab Suriah, Kurdi, Turkmen, Asyur, Armenia, Sirkasia,[6] tor Yunani. Pondhu aghâma èpandhelien ya'ni Kristen Ortodoks, Syi'ah Alawite, Syi'ah Du Bâles, Sunni Salafi, Sunni Sufi tor Yazidi. Èbhu koṭṭa tor koṭṭa karaghung camparra neng Suriah ya'ni Damaskus.[7] Arab ya'ni pondhu etnis kamenḍâng, tor Sunni ya'ni pamaoran aghâma kamenḍâng.

Suriah maslèra naghârâ Republik Kasittongan sè kapaddhâk sakèng 14 kegubernuran tor maslèra tong-sittonga naghârâ sè halè politik nyenḍin Ba'athisme. Naghârâ panika angghuta ḍâri organisasi internasional samanca Parsyarikatan Bhângsa-Bhângsa, Ghuliân Non-Blok; sarta èandhân ḍâri Liga Arab nalèka Novèmber 2011,[8] Organisasi Lalampa Samè Islam,[9] tor èandhân dhibi' ḍâri Union for the Mediterranean.[10]

Nyama "Suriah" halè historis aroju' ḍâ' wilayah sè alegghâ'ân (Syam) sè halè tèghâr ècantèl kelabân Levant tor kalonta dâlem bhâsa Arab mènangka al-Sham. Naghârâ modern araghây situs pan-snapan kadhâtoan tor kadhâtoan kona, alebbhu Tapsèla Eblan ḍâ' milènium Kapèng-3 SM. Aleppo tor Èbhu koṭṭa Damaskus ya'ni sala sittong koṭṭa tarseppoh sè ghi' pagghun apangengghun neng dhunnya.[11] Nalèkana èra Islam, Damaskus ya'ni panambhâghân Kakhalifahan Umayyah tor Èbhu koṭṭa provinsi Kasultonan Mamluk neng Messir.

Naghârâ Suriah modern èpaddhâk ḍâ' madya abad Ka-20 slastarè abad-abad èpatèta Ottoman tor slastarè periode rèngkat mènangka mandat Prancis. Naghârâ sè bhuru èghâbây ka'dissa' terkas mabâkkèl naghârâ Arab palèng rajâ sè angghâl ḍâri sajumlah provinsi Suriah sè sabbhân èkobâsa Ottoman. Suriah abhâkta kamardhika'an de jure mènangka Republik parlementer ḍâ' 24 Oktober 1945. Republik Suriah mabhâdhi angghuta pamaddhek Parsyarikatan Bhângsa-Bhângsa, èka'an lalampa sè halè hukum ngapongkas Mandat Prancis sabbhânna, sanaossa sarḍâdu Prancis ta' adigghâl naghârâ ghânèka kantos April 1946.

Periode pasca-Kamardhika'an lowa rontak, kelabân menḍâng kudèta militer tor bhuwâ' kudeta ngondhu naghârâ ghânèka ḍâri taon 1949 kantos 1971. ḍâ' taon 1958, Suriah ngalebbhu parsittongan (èkanan) rèngkat kelabân Mesir sè ka'alèn Republik Arab Aèkan sè èpamongkas dhâlârân kudeta Suriah 1961. Republik panika lajhu aghântè nyama ngabhâdhi Republik Arab Suriah ḍâ' akhir taon 1961 slastarè referendum konstitusional 1 Dèsèmber taon ghânèka. slastarèna pokpara anjhrâ ta' stabil dâghâ kudeta Ba'athist taon 1963, kabidhân Partai Ba'ath naghen masèsana. Suriah bâḍâ neng andhâp konun Dorurat ḍâri taon 1963 kantos 2011, sahalè efektif ngènḍhâl sasombhâ paèngkobhân konstitusional dhunong warga naghârâ.

Bashar al-Assad ampon abhâdhi prèsiden bibidhân taon 2000 ngaghântè aba-na Hafez al-Assad,[12] sè nglaghungan ḍâri taon 1971 kantos 2000. Salanjhâng Parnatana, Suriah tor Partai Ba'ath sè akobâsa ampon èasto tor ètangsèl amarghâ coraghân comaṭaka hak asasi Manossa, lebbhu mèlaghissa eksekusi ḍâ' warga naghârâ tor Paskèdhân politik, jhughân panyènsoran bâr-bibârâ.[13][14] Mola Maret 2011, Suriah ampon nglampanè perrang satrètan multi-songkèr, kelabân sejumlah naghârâ neng kabâsan tor neng manca sè Kacabuân halè militer otabâ sabâlikkâ. Temma'an, sejumlah èntitas politik sè maproklamir dhibi' ampon ngangghâl neng wilayah Suriah, èpandhâlienna Oposisi Suriah, Rojava, Tahrir al-Sham tor saranga Naghârâ Islam. Suriah ngatoju'è Ondhâg pongkor ḍâ' Indeks Panamtraman Global ḍâri 2016 dâghâ 2018,[15] mabhâdhina naghârâ sè palèng Astabhâ neng dhunnya amarghâ perrang. Konflik karasan ampon nyèdhâ'aghi langkong ḍâri 570.000 orèng,[16] madhâlâr 7,6 juta pangungsi internal (pata UNHCR Juli 2015) tor tamlambhâs ḍâri 5 juta pangungsi (Juli 2017 kaḍaftar sareng UNHCR),[17] maghâbây sensus populasi sara dâlem asnapa taon tapongkor.

Sentang periode Dèsèmber 2024, Rezim prèsiden Bashar al-Assad èondhâ èjhir pamongpangan Suriah. Saranga pamongpang Suriah, Hayat Tahrir al-Sham ampon masèsa neng asnapa koṭṭa pentèng, kabidhân Aleppo, Hama, Homs tor Damaskus sè pongkor lastarèna tomekka arangka' ngatoju'è Èbhu koṭṭa Damaskus dâlem 24 jhâm akhirân.[18][19] prèsiden Assad jhughân dilaporkan ampon ningghâl'aghi Suriah ngangghuy pesawat ḍâri pandhârâ abâng Damaskus slastarè khobâr è pamberontak Suriah.[20]

Sejarah

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Lajhâng otama: Sejarah Suriah

Sejarah Suriah

Geografi

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Lajhâng otama: Geografi Suriah

Geografi Suriah

Pokpara iklim

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Salanjhâng bârâ' ghunong pasèsèr, Suriah aiklim mediteranian, sakadhinapa neng dâ'èra aiklim mediterania palèan, neng ka'essa' bâdâ musim kessap sè lanjhâng ḍâri bulân Mèi Ka bulân Oktober. Ojhân musèm nèmor ḍhiluân rangrang kabhâdhi neng Suriah. neng pasèsèr, musèm nèmor mèlaghis panas tor bhinnyè, kelabân suhu sirka 29°C, nalèka musim cellep, dâ'èra panika aghâdhui suhu minimal sa'arèan 10 °C.[21]

panika among wilayah sè musèm nèmorra cellep neng Suriah, ya'ni kennengan kelabân anjhung langkong 600 meter. Slunfeh, Bludan tor Mashtan al Helou ya'ni lokasi wisata favorit (paloran) pangengghun lokal.[21]

neng Aleppo, neng paran dâjâ-bârâ', suhu sirka ḍâ' bulân Agustus ya'ni 30 °C, anandhinèng ḍâ' bulân Januwari suhuna bitara 4,4 °C tor neng Damaskus mèlaghis èbis.[21]

Ghâmbhâr

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  • Palmyra, Suriah Tèmor
    Palmyra, Suriah Tèmor
  • Latakia, Suriah Bârâ'
    Latakia, Suriah Bârâ'
  • Damaskus
    Damaskus

Referensi

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  1. ↑ "Prime Minister of the Syrian Arab Republic". Syrian transitional government. Retrieved 11 December 2024.
  2. ↑ "Explore all countries–Syria". World Fact Book. Retrieved 8 Desember 2024. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 "Syria". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  4. ↑ "World Bank GINI index". World Bank. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
  5. ↑ "Human Development Report 2021/2022" (PDF) (in Inggris). United Nations Development Programme. 8 September 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  6. ↑ Gammer, Moshe (2004). The Caspian Region: The Caucasus. Vol. 2. Routledge. p. 64. ISBN 978-0-203-00512-5. Archived from the original on 2023-02-11. Retrieved 2022-04-25. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  7. ↑ "Ibukota Suriah". 2009. Archived from the original (URL) on 2009-03-06. Retrieved 19 Juni. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  8. ↑ MacFarquhar, Neil (12 November 2011). "Arab League Votes to Suspend Syria". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2011-11-13. Retrieved 12 November 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  9. ↑ "Regional group votes to suspend Syria; rebels claim downing of jet". CNN. 14 August 2012. Archived from the original on 2012-08-15. Retrieved 14 August 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  10. ↑ "Syria suspends its membership in Mediterranean union". Xinhua News Agency. 1 December 2012. Archived from the original on 2017-01-14. Retrieved 2022-04-25. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  11. ↑ "Neolithic Tell Ramad in the Damascus Basin of Syria". Archive. Archived from the original on 11 November 2006. Retrieved 25 January 2013.
  12. ↑ Cèṭa'an:Cite magazine
  13. ↑ "World Report 2019: Rights Trends in Syria". Human Rights Watch. 17 December 2018. Archived from the original on 2019-10-31. Retrieved 2022-04-25. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  14. ↑ "OHCHR | IICISyria Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic". www.ohchr.org. Archived from the original on 2013-02-22. Retrieved 2020-10-19. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  15. ↑ Humanity, Vision of. "Global Peace Index". Vision of Humanity (in American English). Archived from the original on 2019-06-19. Retrieved 2019-10-14. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  16. ↑ "More than 570 thousand people were killed on the Syrian territory within 8 years of revolution demanding freedom, democracy, justice, and equality • The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights". 15 March 2019. Archived from the original on 2019-10-12. Retrieved 2022-04-25. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  17. ↑ (UNHCR), United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. "UNHCR Syria Regional Refugee Response". Archived from the original on 19 February 2018. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
  18. ↑ Media, Kompas Cyber (2024-12-08). "Parnata prèsiden Suriah Bashar al Assad Tumbang, Damaskus Dikobâsanè Pemberontak". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesia). Retrieved 2024-12-08.
  19. ↑ Redaksi, Tim. "Kronologi Pemberontak kobâsanè Suriah, Bikin prèsiden Assad Kabur". CNBC Indonesia (in Indonesia). Retrieved 2024-12-08.
  20. ↑ Purwanti, Teti. "Detik-Detik prèsiden Suriah Assad Kabur Naik Pesawat". CNBC Indonesia (in Indonesia). Retrieved 2024-12-08.
  21. ↑ 21,0 21,1 21,2 ""Climate in Syria"" (URL). 2009. Retrieved 19 Juni. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |accessyear= and |coauthors= (help)
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