Bhâsa Inḍonèsia
Bhâsa Inḍonèsia ([baˈhasa indoˈnesija]) aslèra bhâsa rosmi bhinarèn bhâsa nasional neng Inḍonèsia.[14] Bhâsa Inḍonèsia aslèra variètas sè èbaku'aghi pènangkan bhâsa Melaju,[15] sabighi bhâsa rumpunan Austronèsia sè asrangah ḍâ'ka rumpun Melayik bâng-sèbângnga aslèra cangka dâ' cangka Melaju-Polinesia . Bhâsa Inḍonèsia ampon molan dhimin ta'aghâm minangka bhâsantara neng sentang wilayah nosa'an Inḍonèsia sè sirka aghâdhui majmuk linguistika. Kalabân jumlah pangadâbhu bhâsa parsangghu pèndhânan rajâ èmbu jhughân populasi diaspora sè akellem neng mancanegri, bhâsa Inḍonèsia akapondhu neng-antara bhâsa kalabân jumlah pangadhâbu akadighân sa'alam dhunnya.[16]
Bhândhâbhu (Kosakata) bhâsa Inḍonèsia jhughân karpangaro bhâsa lokal wilayah nosa Inḍonèsia sèpalèan (Andhina: bhâsa Jw , min , bgs , Makasar , tor sajenissa),[17] mangsan bhâsa asèng amarghâ samo sojhârâh kalabân mancabhâsa mancabhâbâ.[18] Bhâsa Inḍonèsia ngaghungi lebbhâ' bhândhâbu serrâpân-na sa-bhâsa Èropa, khusussa bhâsa Belandhâ, Portugis, Spanyol, kèya Inggris. Bhâsa Inḍonèsia ngaghungi bhândhâbu serrâpan sakèng bhâsa Sanskerta, Cèna, kantos Arab abhâstah arkanan ḍâlem bhâsa Inḍonèsia sabhâb bhirian faktor aktivitas pardhâghângan tor rèligi aghili molan kona neng sentang Kanusa'an Inḍonèsia.
Ramo' dâri bhâsa Inḍonèsia baku èkadhâsaraghi kalabân bhâsa Melaju Riau (samangkèn Nusa'an Riau), dhinèng alar-bhâkalla bhâsa Inḍonèsia gaul Jakarta'an ponjhur kara èkadhâlâr bhâsa Betavi.[3][5][19][20][21][22] neng prosès nèngkarra, bhâsa panèka ngalami ètoppal-tambâ amarghâ pangangghuyânna minangka bhâsa alalakon neng bitaran administrasi kolonial bhinarèn abrânang prosès pabakuân molan abad ka-20. Sambhâtan "bhâsa Inḍonèsia" asombhâr nalèka tacanangnga Sopata Sènom pongka' 28 Oktober 1928, ka'angghuy nyèngghâi kesan (angghâpân) "impèrialisme bhâsa" kalamon nyama Melaju dâ' bhâsa panèka labus èyangghuy.[23]
Prosès panèka nyèrangè parbhidhâna bhâsa Inḍonèsia sèmangkèn dâ' varian (salèsèr) sa-bhâsa Melaju sè èandhikaaghi neng Riau, sa-nusana otabâ neng Jazira Melaju. Kantos sanonto, bhâsa Inḍonèsia aslèra bhâsa sè hayat, sè terros molbuli istilah-istilah anyar, lerres ngalajhuè panyipta'an poronpon panyerrâpân bhâsa dâ'èrah tor bhâsa asèng. Nalèka 1953, sabhuntenna kenning 23 èbu jumlah bhândhâbu neng komus bhâsa Inḍonèsia sè lâgghâna mèlo dâ' adopsi bhâsa Melaju. Kantos samangkèn jumlah bhândhâbuna komus bhâsa Inḍonèsia ghi' nambâ .[24]
Sanyaossana mahami tor abhâdhi kalam oca' dâ' ±90% ra'yat Inḍonèsia, bhâsa Inḍonèsia lazim benni minangka bhâsa èbhu sirka dâ' panotorèpon. Magghis sadhâjâ ra'yat Inḍonèsia komunikasi sa'arè-arè kalabân sala sittong dâri 748 bhâsa tor logat neng Inḍonèsia minangka bhâsa èbhuna.[25] Istilah "bahasa Inḍonèsia" bisaos umumma eghâut'aghi kalabân dhângka' baku èkalanyah ḍâlem situasi rosmi.[21] Raghâm bhâsa baku panèka taghâut diglosik kalabân ka'-dhângka' bhâsa Melayu vernakular sè èyangghuy minangka peranti komunikasi sa'arè phântèng[21] ama'na, panotor bhâsa Inḍonèsia cè' segghut-ta aghuna ragham sa'arè-arè bân/otabâ mabhâstah kalabân dialèk Melaju laènna otabâ bhâsa èbhuna. Sanyaossa ka'dinto, bhâsa Inḍonèsia jhâmbhâr èka'aghâm neng ḍâlem orgnisasi formal akanta paghuruân-paghuruân, mèdia massa, sastra, prangkat powa, lah-risalah rosmi, tor salèsèr forum publik laènna,[26] mèndhâlla kèngèng èyangghâp manabi bhâsa Inḍonèsia èmabi sadhâjâh ra'yat Inḍonèsia. Salaèn ḍâlem skala nasional, bhâsa Inḍonèsia èyangghâp longkang bhâsa rosmi ḍâ'ka naghârâ mancanegri akadhi Timor Leste.[27][28]: 3 [29] Bhâsa Inḍonèsia jhughân halè rosmi èmolanghi tor èaghâm neng sakolah, universitas otabâna institusi sa'alam dunnya, otamana neng Australia, Belandhâ, Jepang, Korèa Lao', Timor Lèstè, Viètnam, Taiwan, Amèrika Sarikat, Inggris, dll.[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]
Fonologi mangsan pramasastra bhâsa Inḍonèsia èyangghâp rèlatif ghâmpang.[40] aroju' para pangkaji tor ahli, sar-dhâsar sè inti ghuna komunikasi sadârhana kèngèng ketekken ḍâlem koron tong-bitongan pekkan.[41]
Istilah bahasa Indonesia (tarjim Madhurâ: [bhâsa Inḍonèsia] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)) ampo èyaghâm bhâsa Inggris tor mancabhâsana ka'angghuy nyambhât kabhâsa'an nasional Inḍonèsia. Diksi "Bahasa Indonesia" tarkadhâng èsingkat abhâdhi Bahasa sarâng orèng asèng sè ngangghâp ghânika nyama asli bhâsana. Nispana, ishtilah "bahasa" namong ama'na bhâsa (language). Akaadhi, Korean language tarjimma ka'dinto bahasa Korea. Orèng Inḍonèsia lombrâna ta' aghuna oca'an Bahasa bisaos ḍâlem anyamaè bhâsa nasional-la.[42]
Sombher
[beccè' | beccè' sombher]- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Badan Pusat Statistik (28 Maret 2013). "Penduduk Indonesia Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2010 (Result of Indonesia Population Census 2010)". Penduduk Indonesia Hasil Sensus Penduduk ... = Population of Indonesia : Result of Indonesia Population Census: 421, 427. ISSN 2302-8513. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
- ↑ Penutur Bahasa Indonesia Capai 300 Juta Jiwa (in Indonesian), Gusti, Mei 2022, archived from the original on 2023-03-26, retrieved 2023-03-29
{{citation}}
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(help); Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ↑ 3,0 3,1 Abas, Husen (1987). "Indonesian as a Unifying Language of Wider Communication : A Historical and Sociolinguistic Perspective". Pacific Linguistics. D-73 (viii): 230. doi:10.15144/PL-D73. ISBN 0858833581. Archived from the original on 2020-09-26. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
{{cite journal}}
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ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ Arman, Dedi (8 Juni 2014). "The Development of Malay Language (eng)". kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id. Directorate General of Culture of The Republic of Indonesia. Archived from the original on 2020-11-01. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
Pamataran panèka aslèra'aghi pamolan sa periodè neng nèngkar mangsan tartara bhâsa Melaju, yaka'dinto periodè Karatowan Riau tor Lingga. neng longkang periodè panèka bhâsa Melaju mondhut tladhâ ka-Riau-na, bhâsa Melaju Riau ka'dinto nylèra'aghi alar-bhâkal bhâsa Nasional Inḍonèsia nyolètè Sopata Sènom 28 Oktober 1928 ...saserra' kabujudân karatowan panèka magghis 200 taonan, abhâkta tello' momèntum penting dâ' nèngkar-tartara bhâsa Melaju Riau, ya'ni taon 1808, nalèka Rato Ali Haji bhâbbhâr; taon 1857, nalèka Rato Ali Haji nglastarèhaghi kètab'èpon atasmèyah Bustānul Kātibīn, sabighi pramasastra (?) normatif bhâsa Melaju Riau; tor taon 1894, nalèka parnyèta'an Mathba'atul Riauwiyyah alias Mathba'atul Ahmadiyah èpaddhâk. Operasional parnyèta'an Mathba'atul Riauwiyyah nika talampao vital amarghâ wakilah tab-kètab tor pamflèt-pamflèt tamoncaraghi, bhâsa Melaju Riau nglarbhât dâ' da'èrah laèn neng Nusantara.
{{cite web}}
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(help); Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ 5,0 5,1 Mahayana, Maman S. (2009). "Perkembangan Bahasa Indonesia—Melayu di Indonesia dalam Konteks Sistem Pendidikan" [The Development of Indonesian—Malay language in Indonesia in the context of The Education System]. The Journal of Alternative Education (in Indonesian). 14 (3): 21. doi:10.24090/insania.v14i3.350. Archived from the original on 2018-01-17. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
{{cite journal}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
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suggested) (help); line feed character in|title=
at position 37 (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ↑ Ardanareswari, Indira (25 June 2019). "Sejarah Kongres Bahasa Indonesia I: Meresmikan Bahasa Persatuan". Tirto.id (in Indonesia). Tirto. Archived from the original on 2020-11-27. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
"sè kasambhât 'Bahasa Indonesia' (Bhâsa Inḍonèsia) ya'ni Bhâsa Melaju maskè'èpon bhungkana asli 'Melaju Riau' nangèng bânnya' molbulanna, owbâna otabâ panoppalèanna aroju' kodhuna zaman kantos alam anyar, daghâma bhâsa nika abuwâh paghâmpangan pangangghuyân sarâng ra'yat samondhâjâ Inḍonèsia (EYD)" chè'èpon Ki Hajar Dewantara nalèka Kongrès "Bahasa Inḍonèsia I" taon 1983 neng Solo
{{cite news}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ "Languages of ASEAN". Archived from the original on 5 Mei 2019. Retrieved 7 Agustus 2017.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|archive-date=
(help) - ↑ "Recognition of Bahasa Indonesia as an official language of the General Conference of UNESCO". UNESCO General Conference (42). UNESCO. 2023. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
- ↑ "East Timor Languages". www.easttimorgovernment.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 21 Maret 2016.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Indonesian". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ "UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger" (in bahasa Inggris, Prancis, Spanyol, Rusia, and Tionghoa). UNESCO. 2011. Archived from the original on 29 April 2022. Retrieved 26 Juni 2011.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|accessdate=
(help); line feed character in|language=
at position 34 (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ↑ "UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger" (PDF) (in Inggris). UNESCO. 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 Mei 2022. Retrieved 31 Mei 2022.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|accessdate=
and|archive-date=
(help) - ↑ "Bhâsa Inḍonèsia". www.ethnologue.com (in Inggris). SIL Ethnologue.
- ↑ Wikisource. – via
- ↑ Uri Tadmor (2008). "Grammatical borrowing in Indonesian". In Yaron Matras; Jeanette Sakel (eds.). Grammatical Borrowing in Cross-Linguistic Perspective (in Inggris). Walter de Gruyter. p. 301. ISBN 978-3-11-019919-2.
- ↑ "The Most Spoken Languages Worldwide" [Bahasa Yang Paling Banyak Dituturkan Seluruh Dunia]. statista.com (in Inggris). Statista. 2021. Archived from the original on 2015-06-28. Retrieved 2021-09-13.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ James Neil Sneddon. The Indonesian Language: Its History and Role in Modern Society. UNSW Press, 2004.
- ↑ "Global Importance of Indonesia and the Indonesian Language" [Pentingnya Indonesia dan Bahasa Indonesia dalam Ranah Global] (in Inggris). 2018. Archived from the original on 2021-09-13. Retrieved 2021-09-13.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ Arman, Dedi (8 June 2014). "Perkembangan Bahasa Melayu". kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id. Directorate General of Culture of The Republic of Indonesia. Archived from the original on 2020-11-01. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
Pamataran panèka aslèra'aghi pamolan sa periodè neng nèngkar mangsan tartara bhâsa Melaju, yaka'dinto periodè Karatowan Riau tor Lingga. neng longkang periodè panèka bhâsa Melaju mondhut tladhâ ka-Riau-na, bhâsa Melaju Riau ka'dinto nylèra'aghi alar-bhâkal bhâsa Nasional Inḍonèsia nyolètè Sopata Sènom 28 Oktober 1928 ...saserra' kabujudân karatowan panèka magghis 200 taonan, abhâkta tello' momèntum penting dâ' nèngkar-tartara bhâsa Melaju Riau, ya'ni taon 1808, nalèka Rato Ali Haji bhâbbhâr; taon 1857, nalèka Rato Ali Haji nglastarèhaghi kètab'èpon atasmèyah Bustānul Kātibīn, sabighi pramasastra (?) normatif bhâsa Melaju Riau; tor taon 1894, nalèka parnyèta'an Mathba'atul Riauwiyyah alias Mathba'atul Ahmadiyah èpaddhâk. Operasional parnyèta'an Mathba'atul Riauwiyyah nika talampao vital amarghâ wakilah tab-kètab tor pamflèt-pamflèt tamoncaraghi, bhâsa Melaju Riau nglarbhât dâ' da'èrah laèn neng Nusantara.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ Ardanareswari, Indira (25 June 2019). "Sejarah Kongres Bahasa Indonesia I: Meresmikan Bahasa Persatuan". Tirto.id (in Indonesia). Tirto. Archived from the original on 2020-11-27. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
"What is named as 'Indonesian language' is the Malay language which mainly derived from 'Riau Malay' but which has been added, modified or subtract according to the needs of new age and nature, until the language is now readily spoken by all of the people of Indonesia," says Ki Hajar Dewantara in The Indonesian Language Congress I 1983 in Solo (eng)
{{cite news}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ 21,0 21,1 21,2 Sneddon, James (2003). "Diglossia in Indonesian". Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde. 159 (4): 519–549. ISSN 0006-2294. Archived from the original on 2019-09-29. Retrieved 2019-09-29.
{{cite journal}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ Sneddon 2003, The Indonesian Language: Its History and Role in Modern Society, p. 70
- ↑ Asmadi T.D. Arti Tanggal 2 Mei bagi Bahasa Indonesia Diarsipkan 2010-05-05 di Wayback Machine.. Laman Lembagâ Pers Dr. Sutomo. Edisi 08 Februari 2010. diakses 5 Maret 2010.
- ↑ "Penutur Bahasa Indonesia Capai 300 Juta Jiwa". Archived from the original on 2023-03-26. Retrieved 2023-03-29.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ Depdiknas Terbitkan Peta Bahasa Diarsipkan 2010-04-29 di Wayback Machine. Blog BahasaKita 4 Maret 2009, mirror dari berita AntaraOnline edisi 22 Oktober 2008.
- ↑ "Why Indonesian is important to learn. Situs web pengajaran bahasa Indonesia di Universitas Negeri Ohio". Archived from the original on 2010-06-13. Retrieved 2009-10-08.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ "East Timor Languages" [Bahasa-bahasa Timor Leste]. www.easttimorgovernment.com (in Inggris). Archived from the original on 4 Maret 2016. Retrieved 21 Maret 2016.
- ↑ Berlie, Jean A. (1 Oktober 2017). "A Socio-Historical Essay: Traditions, Indonesia, Independence, and Elections". East Timor's Independence, Indonesia and ASEAN. Springer. ISBN 9783319626307. Archived from the original on 2023-03-26. Retrieved 2023-03-31.
{{cite book}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ Ramos-Horta, J. (20 April 2012). "Timor Leste, Tetum, Portuguese, Bahasa Indonesia or English?". The Jakarta Post (in Inggris). Archived from the original on 2021-02-25. Retrieved 2023-03-31.
{{cite news}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ "Indonesian Language Officially Taught at Vietnam National University". english.vietnamnet.vn. Archived from the original on 2022-07-01. Retrieved 2021-09-13.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ "Indonesian, Thai, and Spanish language versions of the 'Marugoto (A1) Japanese Online Course' are now available". kansai.jpf.go.jp. Japanese-Language Institute, Kansai. Archived from the original on 2021-09-13. Retrieved 2021-09-13.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ "The Indonesian, Vietnamese and Thai Language Courses". cltr.asia.edu.tw. Taiwan (Republic of China): Center for the Development of Language Teaching and Research, Asia University. Archived from the original on 2021-09-13. Retrieved 2021-09-13.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ "Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian language)". sas.fas.harvard.edu. Harvard University: Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on 2021-10-18. Retrieved 2021-09-13.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ "Cambridge IGCSE Indonesian - Foreign Language". cambridgeinternational.org. Cambridge University Press & Assessment. Archived from the original on 2021-09-13. Retrieved 2021-09-13.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ "Indonesian Studies". arts.adelaide.edu.au. The University of Adelaide, Australia. Archived from the original on 2021-09-13. Retrieved 2021-09-13.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ "Indonesia's geographic proximity and strategic importance to Australia make it vital to understand its peoples, politics, history, languages and cultures". The University of Melbourne. Archived from the original on 2021-09-13. Retrieved 2021-09-13.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ "Indonesian studies". Monash University, Australia. Archived from the original on 2021-09-13. Retrieved 2021-09-13.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ Hamish Curry. "Teaching Indonesian in Australian Schools". The University of Melbourne. Archived from the original on 2021-09-13. Retrieved 2021-09-13.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ "Department of Indonesian Studies". www.sydney.edu.au. The University of Sydney, Australia. Archived from the original on 2021-09-13. Retrieved 2021-09-13.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ Farber, Barry. J. How to learn any language quickly, enjoyably and on your own. Citadel Press. 1991.
- ↑ Eliot, J., Bickersteth, J. Sumatra Handbook. Footprint. 2000.
- ↑ Sneddon, James (2003). The Indonesian language: its history and role in modern society (in Inggris). Sydney: University of New South Wales Press. ISBN 978-0868405988.
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