Vitellius
Aulus Vitellius (24 Sèptèmber 15 M – 20 Ḍèsember 69 M) iyâ arèya Kaisar Romawi sè marènta ḍâri 16 April sampè' ghân 20 Ḍèsèmber 69 M, selama periode kaco sè èkennal mènangka Taon Empa' Kisar. Vitellius iyâ arèya kaisar sè nomer 3 sè akobâsa è taon rowa saellana kamatèyanna Galba bân stabilitas kakobâsa'anna è tengnga gejolak politik bân militer sè nyapo' ka Kekaisaran Romawi.
iyâ arèya Kaisar Romawi sè marènta ḍâri 16 April sampè' ghân 20 Dèsèmber 69 M, selama periode kaco sè èkennal mènangka Taon Empa' Kisar. Vitellius iyâ arèya kaisar sè nomer 3 sè akobâsa è taon rowa saellana kamatèyanna Galba bân stabilitas kakobâsa'anna è tengnga gejolak politik bân militer sè nyapo' ka Kekaisaran Romawi.
Kehidupan Awal
[beccè' | beccè' sombher]lahèr è Nuceria Alfaterna (satèya Nocera Inferiore, Italia) è tangghâl 24 Sèptèmber 15 M. Salèrana asalla ḍâri kalowarga bhângsawan sè anḍi' hubungan erat kalabân para kaisar sè sabelunna. Ramana, Lucius Vitellius, iyâ arèya senator terkemuka sè perna ajabat mènangka konsul bân gubernur è pan-barâmpan provinsi, serta èkennal mènangka penasihat setiana Kaisar Tiberius, Caligula, bân Claudius. Latar belakang kalowarga rèya aberri'âghi Vitellius akses ka lingkaran politik bân militer Kekaisaran Romawi ḍârina omor ngoḍâna.
Vitellius mataḍâ' masa ngoḍâna ḍâlem kaoḍi'ân aristokrasi Romawi, èkennal polana kalèburânna ka kasennengngan bân kanè'madhân oḍi'. Salèrana noro' terlibat ḍâlem pan-bârâmpan skandal sosial, tapè polana koneksina kalowargana, salèrana tettep èyangkat ka pan-bârâmpan jabatan penting è pamarènta'anna Kaisar Caligula bân Claudius.
Bibliography
[beccè' | beccè' sombher]Primary sources
[beccè' | beccè' sombher]- Cassius Dio, Roman History, fragments of Book 64 (English translation by Earnest Cary on LacusCurtius).
- Plutarch, Life of Galba (English translation by A.H. Clough on Wikisource).
- Suetonius, The Twelve Caesars, Vitellius (English translation by John Carew Rolfe on Wikisource).
- Tacitus, Annales (Tacitus) (English translation by Alfred John Church and William Jackson Brodribb (1876) on Wikisource).
Secondary sources
[beccè' | beccè' sombher]- Kelly, Benjamin (2007). "Riot Control and Imperial Ideology in the Roman Empire". Phoenix. 61 (1/2). Toronto: University of Toronto Press, Classical Association of Canada: 150–176. JSTOR 20304642.
- Varner, Eric (2017). "Nero's Memory in Flavian Rome". In Bartsch, Shadi; Freudenberg, Kirik; Littlewood, Cedric (eds.). The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Nero. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 238–258. ISBN 978-1107669239.
- Biography at Livius
- Biography at De Imperatoribus Romanis
- Mattingly, Harold; Sydenham, Edward A.; Sutherland, C. H. V. (1984) [1923]. Roman Imperial Coinage, 31 BC to AD 69. Vol. 1. London: Spink & Son.
Referensi
[beccè' | beccè' sombher]- Tacitus, Histories
- Suetonius, Lives of the Twelve Caesars
- Dio Cassius, Roman History