Vera Rubin

Vera Rubin
Asmana ḍâlem bhâsa asli	(en) Vera Rubin
Carèta oḍi'
Èlahèraghi	(en) Vera Florence Cooper ; 23 Juli 1928 ; Philadelphia (id)
Sèdhâ	25 Ḍèsèmber 2016 (88 taon); Princeton (id)
Data pribadi (id)
Aghâma	Aghâma Yâhuḍi
Pendidikan	Universitas Georgetown (id) . Doktor (id) ; Universitas Cornell (id) ; Vassar College (id)
Kalakoan
Penasihat doktoral (id)	George Gamow (id)
Spesialisasi (id)	Astronomi, astrofisika (id) , kosmologi (id) bi' materi gelap (id)
Karjâ	Fisikawan (id) , astronom (id) bi' ilmuwan (id)
Bekerja di (id)	Universitas Georgetown (id)
Tertarik dengan (id)	Physical cosmology (en)
Murid dari (id)	Maud Worcester Makemson (en)
Karya kreatif (id)
Murid doktoral (id)	Sandra Faber (en)
Bhâlâ
Pasangan nikah (id)	Robert Joshua Rubin (en) (1948–2008)
Pottra	Karl Rubin (en) ; Judith Young (en)
	Penghargaan (id) (2009) Women in Space Science Award (en) ; (2008) Richtmyer Memorial Lecture Award (en) ; (2008) Clarivate Citation Laureates (en) ; (2004) James Craig Watson Medal (en) ; (2003) Bruce Medal (en) ; (2002) Gruber Prize in Cosmology (en) ; (2001) John Scott Award (mul) ; (1996) Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (en) ; (1996) Weizmann Women & Science Award (en) ; (1994) Henry Norris Russell Lectureship (en) ; (1994) Dickson Prize in Science (en) ; (1993) National Medal of Science (id) ;

Vera Florence Cooper Rubin (1928–2016) panèka astronom Amèrika Serikat sè ngawwâli kajhiyân rotasi galaksi bân nemmowaghi parbhidhâ'ân antarana kecepatan rotasi galaksi sè èra-kèra bân sè èyamatè.^[1] Temmowanna Vera dhâddhi bhuktè penting kabâḍâ'ânna materi petteng (dark matter)^[2]^[3] bân èpalaggheng lèbât panyama'an Observatorium Vera C. Rubin è Chili.^[4]

Kaoḍi'ân

Vera Rubin lahèr è tangghâl 23 Juli 1928 è Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.^[5] Vera panèka ana' bungso ḍâri ḍuwâ' satarètanan. Ramana sè anyama Philip Cooper, alako mènangka insinyur listrik è Bell Telephone, sabâtara èbhuna sè anyama Rose Cooper, jhughân alako è perusahaan sè paḍâ kantos kaḍuwâna akabin.^[1]

È taon 1938, kalowargana Vera ngallè ka Washington, D.C. Bâkto ghânèka, Vera sè aomor 10 taon molaè lèbur ḍâ' astronomi sa'amponna segghut ngamatè bintang ḍâri candèla kamarra.^[6] Vera acarèta jhâ' sajjhâk ghi' kènè', Vera lebbi lèbur ḍâ' partanya'an katèmbhâng jâwâbhân, bân arassa ḍhunnya panèka kennengngan sè possa' kalabân katerrotaowan.^[7] Abhâreng ramana, Vera aghâbây tèlèskop saḍerhana ḍâri karḍus bân molaè ngamatè sarta nyatet lintasan meteor.^[8]

Sombher

↑ ^1,0 ^1,1 Dennis Overbye (27-12-2016). "Vera Rubin, 88, Dies; Opened Doors in Astronomy, and for Women". nytimes.com. Èyaksès tangghâl 8 Jânuwari 2026.
↑ "Vera Rubin: pioneer of dark matter". www.mpg.de (in Inggris). Retrieved 2026-01-15.
↑ "Who was Vera Rubin? Here's what to know about the astronomer behind dark matter". Science (in Inggris). 2026-01-15. Retrieved 2026-01-15.
↑ "Who was Vera Rubin? | Rubin Observatory". rubinobservatory.org (in Inggris). Retrieved 2026-01-15.
↑ "Vera Rubin". National Women's History Museum (in Inggris). Retrieved 2026-01-15.
↑ "Choice Reviews | Login". choicereviews.org. doi:10.5860/choice.31-2666. Retrieved 2026-01-08.
↑ "VERA RUBIN, DOYENNE OF DARK MATTER". The Attic (in American English). 2019-08-02. Retrieved 2026-01-08.
↑ Irion, Robert (2002-02-08). "The Bright Face Behind the Dark Sides of Galaxies". Science. 295 (5557): 960–961. doi:10.1126/science.295.5557.960.

[:0-1] 1,0 ^1,1 Dennis Overbye (27-12-2016). "Vera Rubin, 88, Dies; Opened Doors in Astronomy, and for Women". nytimes.com. Èyaksès tangghâl 8 Jânuwari 2026.

[2] "Vera Rubin: pioneer of dark matter". www.mpg.de (in Inggris). Retrieved 2026-01-15.

[3] "Who was Vera Rubin? Here's what to know about the astronomer behind dark matter". Science (in Inggris). 2026-01-15. Retrieved 2026-01-15.

[4] "Who was Vera Rubin? | Rubin Observatory". rubinobservatory.org (in Inggris). Retrieved 2026-01-15.

[5] "Vera Rubin". National Women's History Museum (in Inggris). Retrieved 2026-01-15.

[6] "Choice Reviews | Login". choicereviews.org. doi:10.5860/choice.31-2666. Retrieved 2026-01-08.

[7] "VERA RUBIN, DOYENNE OF DARK MATTER". The Attic (in American English). 2019-08-02. Retrieved 2026-01-08.

[8] Irion, Robert (2002-02-08). "The Bright Face Behind the Dark Sides of Galaxies". Science. 295 (5557): 960–961. doi:10.1126/science.295.5557.960.

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Carèta oḍi'

Asmana ḍâlem bhâsa asli	(en) Vera Rubin
Èlahèraghi	(en) Vera Florence Cooper 23 Juli 1928 Philadelphia ^(id)
Sèdhâ	25 Ḍèsèmber 2016 (88 taon) Princeton ^(id)

Data pribadi ^(id)
Aghâma	Aghâma Yâhuḍi
Pendidikan	Universitas Georgetown ^(id) . Doktor ^(id) Universitas Cornell ^(id) Vassar College ^(id)
Kalakoan
Penasihat doktoral ^(id)	George Gamow ^(id)
Spesialisasi ^(id)	Astronomi, astrofisika ^(id) , kosmologi ^(id) bi' materi gelap ^(id)
Karjâ	Fisikawan ^(id) , astronom ^(id) bi' ilmuwan ^(id)
Bekerja di ^(id)	Universitas Georgetown ^(id)
Tertarik dengan ^(id)	Physical cosmology ^(en)
Murid dari ^(id)	Maud Worcester Makemson ^(en)
Karya kreatif ^(id)
Murid doktoral ^(id)	Sandra Faber ^(en)
Bhâlâ
Pasangan nikah ^(id)	Robert Joshua Rubin ^(en) (1948–2008)
Pottra	Karl Rubin ^(en) Judith Young ^(en)
Penghargaan ^(id) (2009) Women in Space Science Award ^(en) (2008) Richtmyer Memorial Lecture Award ^(en) (2008) Clarivate Citation Laureates ^(en) (2004) James Craig Watson Medal ^(en) (2003) Bruce Medal ^(en) (2002) Gruber Prize in Cosmology ^(en) (2001) John Scott Award ^(mul) (1996) Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society ^(en) (1996) Weizmann Women & Science Award ^(en) (1994) Henry Norris Russell Lectureship ^(en) (1994) Dickson Prize in Science ^(en) (1993) National Medal of Science ^(id)