Tapay

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Tapay otabâ tapai panèka jhâjhân sè èghâbây ḍâri proses fermèntasi kakanan sè nganḍung karbohidrat mènangka substrat sareng raghi. ^[1] È Inḍonèsia bân nâghârâ tatangghâ, substrat panèka biyasana bâḍâ è pâlotan bân sabbhrâng. Raghi ka'angghuy fermèntasi tapay panèka campurân ḍâri pan-bârâmpan mikroorganisme, husussâ fungi (kapang bân kolat), akaḍhi Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rhizopus oryzae, Endomycopsis burtonii, Mucor sp., Candida utilis, Saccharomycopsis fibuligera, bân Pediocpicus. ^[1]Namong ta' nolak kâmungkinan jennis laènna. Tapay sè èfermèntasi kalabân raghi sè èḍominasi sareng S. cerevisiae umumna lonak, anḍi' rassa cèlo' manès, nganḍung alkohol, bân anḍi' tekstur sè lèntat. ^[1] Sè ngâbây tapay biyasana ḍâri inḍustri mikro, kènè', bân nga-tengnga. ^[1] Tapay sè palèng bânnya' ètemmoè panèka tapay sabbhrâng bân tapay pâlotan.

Etimologi

Oca' tapay asalla dâri bhâsa Proto-Malayo-Polinesia Bârâ' tapay, ^[2] sè artena "bherrâs sè èfermèntasi" otabâ " tuak bherrâs". Salaèn jârèya, bhâsa Proto-Austronesia tapaj artena "kakanan sè èfermentasi". ^[3]

Bhâsana Tapay è Bhân-Sabbhân Wilaya

Kabânnya'an tapay èghâbây ḍâri pâlotan sè èfermentasi (Oryza sativa) otabâ sabbhrâng (Manihot esculenta). Orèng Sonḍha lebbi akrab kalabân tapay sabbhrâng mènangka peuyeum, orèng Jhâbâ Tèmor lebbi bânnya' nyebbut tape puhung ghâbây tapay ḍâri sabbhrâng bân tape ketan ghâbây tapay ḍâri pâlotan. ^[4] Orèng Banyumas nyebbhut tapè budin otabâ kenyas. Tapai sè èkennal è Asia, husussa Asia Tèmor Lao', kalabân nyama lokal sè bhân-sabbhân: tapai pulut (Malaysia), basi binubran (Filipina), chao (Kamboja), lao-chao Hanzi otabâ chiu niang (Cina), bân khao-mak (Thailand).^[1]

Sombher

↑ ^1,0 ^1,1 ^1,2 ^1,3 ^1,4 (Ènggris)Cèṭa'an:Aut 2003. Tapai from cassava and cereals. Dalam: First International Symposium and Workshop on Insight into the World of Indigenous Fermented Foods for Technology Development and Food Safety; Bangkok, 13 – 17 Apr 2003. hal. 1-10.
↑ Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen. "Austronesian Comparative Dictionary: *t". Austronesian Comparative Dictionary. Retrieved 12 Maret 2021.
↑ Fitrisia, Dohra; Widayati, Dwi (2018). "Changes in basic meanings from Proto-Austronesian to Acehnese". Studies in English Language and Education. 5 (1): 114–125. doi:10.24815/siele.v5i1.9431.
↑ (Ènggris) Djien KS (1972). "Tapai fermentation" (PDF). Appl Microbiol. 23 (5): 976–978. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help)Cèṭa'an:Pranala mati

[a-1] 1,0 ^1,1 ^1,2 ^1,3 ^1,4 (Ènggris)Cèṭa'an:Aut 2003. Tapai from cassava and cereals. Dalam: First International Symposium and Workshop on Insight into the World of Indigenous Fermented Foods for Technology Development and Food Safety; Bangkok, 13 – 17 Apr 2003. hal. 1-10.

[truss-2] Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen. "Austronesian Comparative Dictionary: *t". Austronesian Comparative Dictionary. Retrieved 12 Maret 2021.

[dohra-3] Fitrisia, Dohra; Widayati, Dwi (2018). "Changes in basic meanings from Proto-Austronesian to Acehnese". Studies in English Language and Education. 5 (1): 114–125. doi:10.24815/siele.v5i1.9431.

[b-4] (Ènggris) Djien KS (1972). "Tapai fermentation" (PDF). Appl Microbiol. 23 (5): 976–978. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help)Cèṭa'an:Pranala mati

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