Sajhârâ Islam

Sajhâra Islam iyâ arèya perkembangan politik, sosial, èkonomi, militer, bân bhuḍâjâ peradaban Islam. Islam èpaddhek è awwâl abad ke-7 è Arab sareng Muhammad.^[1]^[2] Islam asebbar lèbât adhât bân bhuḍâjâ sè ampon bâḍâ sabellunna sabâgiyân èkala' ḍâri sangkolan aghâma-aghâma kona bân kaparcajâ'ân sè ampon bâḍâ, sè èyangghuy è kaom è bâkto jârèya, kaangghuy èlestarikan bân bhersè ḍâri unsur-unsur syirik ma'lè sasoay è ḍâlem ajhârân Islam.^[3]

Ḍaftar bâkto è bâbâ rèya aropa'aghi kadhâddhiyân sè palèng penting è dhunnya Islam sabellunna Perang Dunia I. Bâḍâ carèta è Jazirah Arab, Mesopotamia (Irak samangkèn), Persia (Iran samangkèn), Syam (Syria samangkèn, Libanon, Yordania, bân Palèstina), Messèr, Maroko), Al-Andalus (Iberia), Transoxiana (Asia Tengnga), Hindustan (tamaso' Pakistan modern, India lao', bân Bangladesh), bân Anatolia (Turki modern). Contona, è bâkto tahap-tahap salastarèna Khilafah Abbasiyah, maskè ibukota Baghdad èparenta bi' dinasti laèn akadhi Buyid bân Seljuk Ottoman biyasana bâḍâ otoritas eksekutif è attas propinsi-propinsi è lowar rato lokal, akadhi Dey ḍâri Aljazair, Bey ḍâri Tunisia, bân Mamluk ḍâri Irak.

Sombher awwâl

Kakorangan sombher ta' aghâbây bâkto awwâl sajhârâ Islam dhâddhi malarat.^[4] Contona, sombher historiografi sè palèng penting ghâbây asalla Islam panèka karjâ al-Tabari.^[5] Maskè al-Tabari èangghep mènangka sejarawan sè ahli è jhâmanna, at-Tabari ngangghuy bhibhâs ḍâri sajian-sajian mistis, legenda, stereotip, terdistorsi sacara Islam bân ngajhâri awwâl-awwâl Islam maskè orèngnga ta' nyapo' awwâl Islam, at-Tabari sèdhâ è taon 923.^[6]

Sombher

↑ Watt, William Montgomery (1998). Islam and the Integration of Society (in Inggris). Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-415-17587-6.
↑ Ess, Josef van (2016-11-01). Theology and Society in the Second and Third Centuries of the Hijra. Volume 1: A History of Religious Thought in Early Islam (in Inggris). BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-32338-4.
↑ "Zakir Naik Ceramah di Bekasi Malam Ini, 42 Ribu Tiket Ludes". Tempo (in Indonesia). 2017-04-08. Retrieved 2026-02-19.
↑ Donner, Fred M. (2010). "Modern approaches to early Islamic history". Dalam Robinson, Chase F. (ed.). The New Cambridge History of Islam. Vol. Volume 1: The Formation of the Islamic World, Sixth to Eleventh Centuries. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 625–47. ISBN 9780521838238. ;
↑ Robinson, Chase F. (2010). "Introduction / The rise of Islam, 600 705". Dalam Robinson, Chase F. (ed.). The New Cambridge History of Islam. Vol. Volume 1: The Formation of the Islamic World, Sixth to Eleventh Centuries. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 1–15, 173–225. ISBN 9780521838238. ;
↑ Hughes, Aaron W. (2013). Muslim Identities : an Introduction to Islam. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231161473.

[1] Watt, William Montgomery (1998). Islam and the Integration of Society (in Inggris). Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-415-17587-6.

[2] Ess, Josef van (2016-11-01). Theology and Society in the Second and Third Centuries of the Hijra. Volume 1: A History of Religious Thought in Early Islam (in Inggris). BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-32338-4.

[3] "Zakir Naik Ceramah di Bekasi Malam Ini, 42 Ribu Tiket Ludes". Tempo (in Indonesia). 2017-04-08. Retrieved 2026-02-19.

[4] Donner, Fred M. (2010). "Modern approaches to early Islamic history". Dalam Robinson, Chase F. (ed.). The New Cambridge History of Islam. Vol. Volume 1: The Formation of the Islamic World, Sixth to Eleventh Centuries. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 625–47. ISBN 9780521838238. ;

[5] Robinson, Chase F. (2010). "Introduction / The rise of Islam, 600 705". Dalam Robinson, Chase F. (ed.). The New Cambridge History of Islam. Vol. Volume 1: The Formation of the Islamic World, Sixth to Eleventh Centuries. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 1–15, 173–225. ISBN 9780521838238. ;

[6] Hughes, Aaron W. (2013). Muslim Identities : an Introduction to Islam. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231161473.

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