Saddam Hussein

Saddam Hussein (/sʌˈdɑːm/ /huːˈseɪn/ simak; bahasa Arab: صدام حسين, Arab Mesopotamia [sˤɐdˈdɑːm ɜħsɪe̯n]; 28 April 1937–30 Ḍèsèmber 2006), jhughân èkennnal secara monomim mènangka Saddam, iyâ arèya politisi Irak sè ajabat mènangka prèsidèn Irak sè nomer 5 ḍâri 16 Juli 1979 sampè' ka 9 April 2003.^[1] Angghuta terkemuka ḍâri Partai Ba'ath Sosialis Arab, bân marèna Partai Ba'ath sè basissa è Baghdad bân organisasi regional, Partai Ba'ath Irak sè adukung Ba'athisme, gabungan ḍâri Nasionalisme Arab, nasionalisme Irak bân sosialisme ârab. Saddam amaènnaghi peran kunci ḍâlem kudeta 1968 (pas èsebbhut Revolusi 17 Juli) sè ngèbâ partai kasebbhut ka kakobâsa'anna è Irak.

Saddam secara resmi ngala' alih kakobâsa'an taon 1979, maskè salèrana ella dhâddhi kapala Irak secara "de facto" selama pan-bârâmpan taon. Salèrana nekan pan-bârâmpan gerakan, khusussa gerakan Syiah bân Kurdi sè bâng-sèbâng berusaha menggulingkan pamarènta otabâ maollèya kamardhika'an,^[2] bân ajâgâ kakobâsa'anna selama Perrang Iran-Irak bân Perrang Teluk. Salèrana ajhâlânnaghi pamarènta'an otoriter sè represif,^[3] sè èghâmbhârrâghi moso pan-bârâmpan analisis mènangka totaliter,^[4]^[5]^[6] maskè penerapan label rowa ella diperdebatkan.^[7] Atoran Saddam ètanḍhâi moso bânnya' pelanggaran hak asasi manossa, tamaso' èperkirakan 250.000 pembunuhan sewenang-wenang bân invasi ka naghârâ tatangghâ Iran bân Kuwait.^[8]

Referensi

↑ "Online NewsHour Update: Coalition Says Iraqi Regime Has Lost Control of Baghdad -- April 9, 2003". www.pbs.org. Archived from the original on 2010-12-01. Retrieved 2026-01-10.
↑ "Foreign Press Centers". United States Department of State (in American English). Retrieved 2026-01-10.
↑ "State of Repression : Iraq under Saddam Hussein | WorldCat.org". search.worldcat.org (in Inggris). Retrieved 2026-01-10.
↑ Makiya, Kanan (1993). Cruelty and silence : war, tyranny, uprising, and the Arab World. Internet Archive. New York : W.W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-03108-9.
↑ Bengio, Ofra (1998). Saddam's word : political discourse in Iraq. Internet Archive. New York : Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-535418-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
↑ Iyer, Rahul; Wang, Bobin; Rönnqvist, Mikael (2025-10). "The potential of battery electric trucks in forest transportation". Research in Transportation Business & Management. 62: 101461. doi:10.1016/j.rtbm.2025.101461. ISSN 2210-5395. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
↑ Sassoon, Joseph (2017-02). "Aaron M. Faust , The Baʿthification of Iraq: Saddam Hussein's Totalitarianism (Austin, Tex.: University of Texas Press, 2015). Pp. 296. $55.00 cloth. ISBN: 9781477305577". International Journal of Middle East Studies (in Inggris). 49 (1): 205–206. doi:10.1017/S0020743816001392. ISSN 0020-7438. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
↑ "The World; How Many People Has Hussein Killed? (Published 2003)" (in Inggris). 2003-01-26. Retrieved 2026-01-10.

Pranala luar

Eksekusi Saddam Hussein Diarsipkan 2007-01-08 di Wayback Machine.

[1] "Online NewsHour Update: Coalition Says Iraqi Regime Has Lost Control of Baghdad -- April 9, 2003". www.pbs.org. Archived from the original on 2010-12-01. Retrieved 2026-01-10.

[2] "Foreign Press Centers". United States Department of State (in American English). Retrieved 2026-01-10.

[3] "State of Repression : Iraq under Saddam Hussein | WorldCat.org". search.worldcat.org (in Inggris). Retrieved 2026-01-10.

[4] Makiya, Kanan (1993). Cruelty and silence : war, tyranny, uprising, and the Arab World. Internet Archive. New York : W.W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-03108-9.

[5] Bengio, Ofra (1998). Saddam's word : political discourse in Iraq. Internet Archive. New York : Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-535418-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)

[6] Iyer, Rahul; Wang, Bobin; Rönnqvist, Mikael (2025-10). "The potential of battery electric trucks in forest transportation". Research in Transportation Business & Management. 62: 101461. doi:10.1016/j.rtbm.2025.101461. ISSN 2210-5395. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)

[7] Sassoon, Joseph (2017-02). "Aaron M. Faust , The Baʿthification of Iraq: Saddam Hussein's Totalitarianism (Austin, Tex.: University of Texas Press, 2015). Pp. 296. $55.00 cloth. ISBN: 9781477305577". International Journal of Middle East Studies (in Inggris). 49 (1): 205–206. doi:10.1017/S0020743816001392. ISSN 0020-7438. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[8] "The World; How Many People Has Hussein Killed? (Published 2003)" (in Inggris). 2003-01-26. Retrieved 2026-01-10.

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