Masjid jami'

Masjid Jami' otabâ Masjid Jumu'ah (bhâsa Arab: مَسْجِد جَامِع , masjid jami', otabâ coma: جَامِع, jami' ; bhâsa Turki ), otabâ kadhâng èsebbhut Masjid Agung otabâ Masjid Raya (bhâsa Arab: جامع كبير , jāmi' kabir bhâsa Turki ), èngghi panèka masjid ghâbây alaksanaaghi bhâjâng Jum'at sè èkennal kalabân jumu'ah.^[1] Saterrossa jhughâ bisa dhâddhi kennengngan kaangghuy alaksanaaghi bhâjâng ied è situasi darurat manabi sobung' langghâr otabâ eidgah sè èsediaaghi è semma'na. È jhâman awwâl Islam, jumlah masjid Jami' è sèttong kottah cè' sakonèna. Saamponnah kottah bân populasi tombu dâri bâkto ka bâkto, dhâddhi lebbi umum ghâbây bânnya' masjid kangghuy abhâjâng Juma'at è daerah sè padhâ.^[2]^[3]

Etimologi

Istilah bhâsa arab ghenna' ghâbây jenis masjid panèka masjid jami' ( مَسْجِد جَامِع), sè biasana èterjemahaghi "masjid Jami'" otabâ "masjid Jumu'ah".^[2] "Jami'" èghunaaghi kaangghuy nerjemaaghi jāmi' (جَامِع), sè asalla dâri bhâsa Arab "ج - م - ع" sè artena 'makompolaghi' otabâ nyettongaghi ( bentuk lèsan : جمع bân يجمع).^[2]^[4] È bhâsa Arab, istilah panèka biasana èsèderhanaaghi dhâddhi jāmi' ( جَامِع ). Saterrossa, è bhâsa Turki istilah cami ( pengucapan bahasa Turki: [d͡ʒami] ) èghunaaghi kaangghuy tojjuwân sè padhâ.^[5] Saèngghâ parbhidhâ'ân antara “masjid Jami” bân masjid laènna ampon akorang è dâlem sajhârâ sè lebbi anyar, istilah Arab masjid bân jami' ampon bânnya' èghunaaghi.^[6]^[7]

È naghârâ-naghârâ muslim non-Arab, oca' jāmi' ("sè makompol, akompol otabâ èkompolaghi") serrèng ègabung kalabân oca' laèn dâri akar sè padhâ, jumu'ah ( Arab: جُمُعَة), istilah sè èmaksod ghâbây bhâjâng Juma'at ( Arab: صَلَاة الْجُمُعَة, bâcaennah: ṣalāṫ al-jumu‘ah, lit. 'prayer of assembly' ) otabâ Juma'at dhibi' ( Arab: يَوْم الْجُمُعَة, bâcaennah: yawm al-jumu‘ah, lit. 'day of assembly' ).^[8] Hal ka’dinto amarhâ bhâjâng Juma’at kodhu èlaksanaaghi berjama’ah tor namong èlaksanaaghi è masjid-masjid Jami', biasana masjid otama otabâ masjid sè bâdâ è tengnga kottah, tor dâri ka’dintoh kadhâng èkennal jhughân masjid Jumu’ah.

Sajhârâ

Sajjhâk jhâman awwâl Islam, bâdâ parbhidhâ'ân fungsional antara masjid-masjid pusat sè ghâghâng sè èbhângon bân èkontrol sareng naghârâ bân masjid-masjid lokal kènè' sè èbhângon bân èpèyara sareng masyarakat umum.^[9] È taon-taon awwâl Islam, è bâbâna Khilafah Rashidun bân bânnya' Khilafah Umayyah, bhân-sabbhân kottah umumma namong andi' sèttong masjid Jami sè èghâbây tempat bhâjâng Juma'at, sabâtara masjid sè lebbi kènè' kaangghuy bhâjâng biasa èbhângon è lingkungan satempat.

Maskè è pan-bârâmpan bâgiyân è dhunnya Islam, akadhi Mesir, bhâjâng Juma'at èmolaè ta' èidhini è dhisa-dhisa bân ḍâèra laènna è lowar kottah-kottah otamana tempat masjid-masjid Jami' èpaddhek.^[10] Pangowasa otabâ gubernur kottah biasana abhângon kennengnganna ( dar al-imara ) è seddhi'na masjid Jami', bân è bâkto-bâkto awwâl panèka para oangowasa jhughân nyampaiaghi khotbah è bâkto bhâjâng Juma'at.^[9] Amalan ka’dinto e warisaghi dâri contona nabi Muhammad tor epaterros dâ’ para khalifah se noro’e. È propinsi-propinsi, para gubernur lokal sè marènta kalabân asmana khalifah èyarep kaangghuy nyampaiaghi khotbah ghâbây masyarakat lokal umumma.^[9] Mimbar, sèttong macem fitur sè sacara tradisional èpassra'aghi kaangghuy khotbah, jhughân dhâddhi fitur standar masjid-masjid Jami 'è awwâl periode Abbasiyah (ahèr abad ka-8).^[11]^[12]

Sombher

↑ M. Bloom, Jonathan; S. Blair, Sheila, ed. (2009). "Mosque". The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195309911. Islam requires no physical structure for valid prayer, which may be performed anywhere, and a minimal masjid (“place of prostration”) may consist only of lines marked on the ground, but a building constructed especially for the purpose is preferred, in particular for congregational prayer at Friday noon, the principal weekly service. Such a building may be called a masjid or a jāmi (Turk. cami), from masjid al-jāmi῾ (Pers. masjid-i jāmi῾; Urdu jāmi῾ masjid), meaning “congregational mosque.” This term is often rendered in English as “great mosque,” or “Friday mosque,” a translation of masjid-i juma῾, a Persian variant.
↑ ^2,0 ^2,1 ^2,2 Bearman, Peri (2014). "Masjid Jāmiʿ". Dalam Emad El-Din, Shahin. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199739356. The Friday prayer (ṣalāt al-jumʿa), which is mandatory for every adult male Muslim (Shiite Islam makes an exception if no Imam is present), came to be conducted in a large, congregational mosque, known as the masjid jāmiʿ (< Ar. jamaʿa “to assemble”), or Friday mosque. In the early Islamic period, only one Friday mosque in a community was permitted, since the address to the congregation was to be conducted by the ruler of that community. With the growth of the Muslim
↑ Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (ed.). "Friday prayer". Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three. Brill. ISSN 1873-9830. All schools but the Ḥanbalīs require that Friday prayers be held in a physical edifice; the Ḥanbalīs hold that they can be performed in a tent or in the open country. The schools of law differ on the number of participants required to constitute a valid congregation for Friday prayers: the Shāfiʿīs and Ḥanbalīs require forty, the Mālikīs twelve, and the Ḥanafīs only two or three praying behind the imām (in each case, counting only persons obligated to perform the prayer). Such limitations had significant practical repercussions, as when the Ḥanafī authorities of Bukhārā prevented the performance of Friday congregational prayers at a congregational mosque (jāmiʿ) erected in a substantial community in the region in the fifth/eleventh century and ultimately razed the building (Wheatley, 235). Shāfiʿīs further required that Friday prayers be held at only one place in each settlement. Until the fourth/tenth century, the number of Friday mosques (designated congregational mosques with a pulpit) was severely limited, even in major metropolitan centres; in later centuries, Friday mosques proliferated to accommodate the needs of urban populations (Wheatley, 234–5).
↑ Mitias, Michael H.; Al Jasmi, Abdullah (2018). "Form and Function in the Congregational Mosque". Estetika: The Central European Journal of Aesthetics. 55 (1): 25–44. doi:10.33134/eeja.169.
↑ M. Bloom, Jonathan; S. Blair, Sheila, ed. (2009). "Mosque". The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195309911. Islam requires no physical structure for valid prayer, which may be performed anywhere, and a minimal masjid (“place of prostration”) may consist only of lines marked on the ground, but a building constructed especially for the purpose is preferred, in particular for congregational prayer at Friday noon, the principal weekly service. Such a building may be called a masjid or a jāmi (Turk. cami), from masjid al-jāmi῾ (Pers. masjid-i jāmi῾; Urdu jāmi῾ masjid), meaning “congregational mosque.” This term is often rendered in English as “great mosque,” or “Friday mosque,” a translation of masjid-i juma῾, a Persian variant.
↑ Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P., ed. (2012). "Masd̲j̲id". Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Brill. Linguistic usage varied somewhat in course of time with conditions. In the time of ʿUmar there was properly in every town only one masd̲j̲id d̲j̲āmiʿ for the Friday service. But when the community became no longer a military camp and Islam replaced the previous religion of the people, a need for a number of mosques for the Friday service was bound to arise. This demanded mosques for the Friday service in the country, in the villages on the one hand and several Friday mosques in the town on the other. This meant in both cases an innovation, compared with old conditions, and thus there arose some degree of uncertainty. The Friday service had to be conducted by the ruler of the community, but there was only one governor in each province; on the other hand, the demands of the time could hardly be resisted and, besides, the Christian converts to Islam had been used to a solemn weekly service. (...) The great spread of Friday mosques was reflected in the language. While inscriptions of the 8th/14th century still call quite large mosques masd̲j̲id, in the 9th/15th most of them are called d̲j̲āmiʿ (cf. on the whole question, van Berchem, CIA, i, 173-4); and while now the madrasa [q.v.] begins to predominate and is occasionally also called d̲j̲āmiʿ, the use of the word masd̲j̲id becomes limited. While, generally speaking, it can mean any mosque (e.g. al-Maḳrīzī, iv, 137, of the Muʾayyad mosque), it is more especially used of the smaller unimportant mosques.
↑ Sposito, John L., ed. (2009). "Mosque". The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195305135. Jāmiʿ is a designation for the congregational mosque dedicated to Friday communal prayer; in modern times it is used interchangeably with masjid.
↑ Qur'an 62:9-11,Qur'an 62:10-11
↑ ^9,0 ^9,1 ^9,2 Esposito, John L., ed. (2009). "Mosque". The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195305135.
↑ Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P., ed. (2012). "Masd̲j̲id". Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Brill.
↑ Petersen, Andrew (1996). "minbar". Dictionary of Islamic architecture. Routledge. hlm. 191–192.
↑ M. Bloom, Jonathan; S. Blair, Sheila, ed. (2009). "Minbar". The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195309911.

[1] M. Bloom, Jonathan; S. Blair, Sheila, ed. (2009). "Mosque". The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195309911. Islam requires no physical structure for valid prayer, which may be performed anywhere, and a minimal masjid (“place of prostration”) may consist only of lines marked on the ground, but a building constructed especially for the purpose is preferred, in particular for congregational prayer at Friday noon, the principal weekly service. Such a building may be called a masjid or a jāmi (Turk. cami), from masjid al-jāmi῾ (Pers. masjid-i jāmi῾; Urdu jāmi῾ masjid), meaning “congregational mosque.” This term is often rendered in English as “great mosque,” or “Friday mosque,” a translation of masjid-i juma῾, a Persian variant.

[:0-2] 2,0 ^2,1 ^2,2 Bearman, Peri (2014). "Masjid Jāmiʿ". Dalam Emad El-Din, Shahin. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199739356. The Friday prayer (ṣalāt al-jumʿa), which is mandatory for every adult male Muslim (Shiite Islam makes an exception if no Imam is present), came to be conducted in a large, congregational mosque, known as the masjid jāmiʿ (< Ar. jamaʿa “to assemble”), or Friday mosque. In the early Islamic period, only one Friday mosque in a community was permitted, since the address to the congregation was to be conducted by the ruler of that community. With the growth of the Muslim

[3] Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (ed.). "Friday prayer". Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three. Brill. ISSN 1873-9830. All schools but the Ḥanbalīs require that Friday prayers be held in a physical edifice; the Ḥanbalīs hold that they can be performed in a tent or in the open country. The schools of law differ on the number of participants required to constitute a valid congregation for Friday prayers: the Shāfiʿīs and Ḥanbalīs require forty, the Mālikīs twelve, and the Ḥanafīs only two or three praying behind the imām (in each case, counting only persons obligated to perform the prayer). Such limitations had significant practical repercussions, as when the Ḥanafī authorities of Bukhārā prevented the performance of Friday congregational prayers at a congregational mosque (jāmiʿ) erected in a substantial community in the region in the fifth/eleventh century and ultimately razed the building (Wheatley, 235). Shāfiʿīs further required that Friday prayers be held at only one place in each settlement. Until the fourth/tenth century, the number of Friday mosques (designated congregational mosques with a pulpit) was severely limited, even in major metropolitan centres; in later centuries, Friday mosques proliferated to accommodate the needs of urban populations (Wheatley, 234–5).

[4] Mitias, Michael H.; Al Jasmi, Abdullah (2018). "Form and Function in the Congregational Mosque". Estetika: The Central European Journal of Aesthetics. 55 (1): 25–44. doi:10.33134/eeja.169.

[5] M. Bloom, Jonathan; S. Blair, Sheila, ed. (2009). "Mosque". The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195309911. Islam requires no physical structure for valid prayer, which may be performed anywhere, and a minimal masjid (“place of prostration”) may consist only of lines marked on the ground, but a building constructed especially for the purpose is preferred, in particular for congregational prayer at Friday noon, the principal weekly service. Such a building may be called a masjid or a jāmi (Turk. cami), from masjid al-jāmi῾ (Pers. masjid-i jāmi῾; Urdu jāmi῾ masjid), meaning “congregational mosque.” This term is often rendered in English as “great mosque,” or “Friday mosque,” a translation of masjid-i juma῾, a Persian variant.

[6] Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P., ed. (2012). "Masd̲j̲id". Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Brill. Linguistic usage varied somewhat in course of time with conditions. In the time of ʿUmar there was properly in every town only one masd̲j̲id d̲j̲āmiʿ for the Friday service. But when the community became no longer a military camp and Islam replaced the previous religion of the people, a need for a number of mosques for the Friday service was bound to arise. This demanded mosques for the Friday service in the country, in the villages on the one hand and several Friday mosques in the town on the other. This meant in both cases an innovation, compared with old conditions, and thus there arose some degree of uncertainty. The Friday service had to be conducted by the ruler of the community, but there was only one governor in each province; on the other hand, the demands of the time could hardly be resisted and, besides, the Christian converts to Islam had been used to a solemn weekly service. (...) The great spread of Friday mosques was reflected in the language. While inscriptions of the 8th/14th century still call quite large mosques masd̲j̲id, in the 9th/15th most of them are called d̲j̲āmiʿ (cf. on the whole question, van Berchem, CIA, i, 173-4); and while now the madrasa [q.v.] begins to predominate and is occasionally also called d̲j̲āmiʿ, the use of the word masd̲j̲id becomes limited. While, generally speaking, it can mean any mosque (e.g. al-Maḳrīzī, iv, 137, of the Muʾayyad mosque), it is more especially used of the smaller unimportant mosques.

[7] Sposito, John L., ed. (2009). "Mosque". The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195305135. Jāmiʿ is a designation for the congregational mosque dedicated to Friday communal prayer; in modern times it is used interchangeably with masjid.

[8] Qur'an 62:9-11,Qur'an 62:10-11

[:1-9] 9,0 ^9,1 ^9,2 Esposito, John L., ed. (2009). "Mosque". The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195305135.

[10] Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P., ed. (2012). "Masd̲j̲id". Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Brill.

[11] Petersen, Andrew (1996). "minbar". Dictionary of Islamic architecture. Routledge. hlm. 191–192.

[12] M. Bloom, Jonathan; S. Blair, Sheila, ed. (2009). "Minbar". The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195309911.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]