James Clerk Maxwell

James Clerk Maxwell (13 Junè 1813 – 15 Nopèmber 1879) iyâ arèya fisikawan Skotlandia sè sèttong kalè nolès hokom magnetisme bân kelistrikan dâlem romos matematis. Dâ' taon 1864, èpon abhuktèaghi jhâ' ombâ' elektromagnetik iyâ arèya camporan dâri osilasi mèdan listrik bân magnetik. Maxwell anyataaghi jhâ' cahaya iyâ arèya sala sèttong bhângon radiasi elektromagnetik. Èpon jhughân amokka' pangârtèyân parkara ghuli gas, sarèng anunju'aghi jhâ' lajhu molekul-molekul è dâlem gas tèrgantung dâ'ka suhunya bhâng-sâbhâng.

Fisikawan sè asalla dâri Inggris bân tèrkenal, èngghi panèka James Clerk Maxwell nika tèrkenal alèbbhâti formulasi èmpa' pernyataan sè ajèllasaghi hokom dhâsar listrik bân magnet. Kaḍuwâ' kènnèngan nika sâbèllunna Maxwell lastarèh èsâlidighi lambâ' sarah bân lastarè padâ ètemmoi bâḍâ hubungânna maso kaduwâ'na. Tapè bánnya' hokom listrik bân kemagnetan lastarè ètemmoè bân aèssè kabhândâran ḍâlem sâbâgiyân aspek, sâbèllunna Maxwell, buntèn bâḍâ sèttongnga dâri hokom-hokom ruwa sè iyâ arèya sèttong teori sèrasi. Maxwell anḍi' èmpa' pârlângkabhân hokom sè è romosaghi kalabân rèngkès (tapè andi' bobot tègghi), Maxwell sukses ajèllasaghi tèppa' bân salèng nyambhung antara Medan listrik bân magnet.

Oḍi'

Kaodi'ân awwâl, 1831–1839

James Clerk Maxwell rèmbhi' ḍâ' 13 Junè 1831 è 14 India Stree, Edinburgh, ḍâri pasangan John Clerk Maxwell ḍâri Middlebie, sèttong advokat, bân Frances Cay,^[1] potrè Robert Hodshon Cay bân trètan bini' Jhon Cay. (Kènnèngânna kalahèrânna samangkèn anarèma sebuah museom sè èoprasiaghi sarèng James Clerk Maxwell Foundation). Ramana iyâ arèya sèttong lakè' dengan sarana sè tèppa'^[2] ḍâri kâluarga Panitera Penicuik, negghu' baronetcy panitera Penicuik. Trètan lakè' ramana iyâ arèya baronet ke-6.^[3] Èpon èlahèraghi mènangka "Jhon Clerk", ètambhâ'aghi "Maxwell" ndi'na lastarèna èpon awarisi (mènangka bâji' ḍâ' taon 1793) kèbbhun Middlebie, sebuah properti Maxwell è Dumfriesshire.^[4] James iyâ arèya sâpopo sèttong ḍâri seniman Jemima Blackburn^[5] (potrè ḍâri trètan bini' ramana) bân insinyur sipil William Dyce Cay (potra ḍâri trètan lakè' èbhuna) Cay bân Maxwell iyâ arèya kanca akrab bân Cay amapèranaghi mènangka anoro'e bâkto Maxwell akabin.^[6]

Orèng seppo Maxwel katèmon bân akabin nalèkana Perpa'na rarowa omorra tello' poloan;^[7] èbhuna omorra parak 40 taon nalèkana Maxwell rèmbhik. Rarowa anḍi' sèttong ana' sabèllunna, potrè asmana Elizabeth, sè sobung omor bhâkto ghi' bèjhi'.

Pèrpa'na Maxwell ghi' ngudè, kâloargana ngallè KA Glenlair, è Kirkcudbrightshire, sè la èpajeghâ orèng sepponna è attas perkebunan sè maddhâk ḍâri 1.500 hektar (610 ha). Kabhi indikasi anunju'aghi jhâ' Maxwell la ajâgâ rassa tèrro taoa sè ta' amettengaghi molaè omor kènni'. Dâ' omor tellok taon, sakabbhina sè aghuli, tera', otabâ aghâbây soara lèbur atanya: "napa sè kadèddiyân?"

Sombhèr

↑ Shearer, Joanna (2008-06). "Lara Farina, Erotic Discourse and Early English Religious Writing. (The New Middle Ages.) Palgrave Macmillan, 2006". Medieval Feminist Forum. 44 (1): 126–129. doi:10.17077/1536-8742.1723. ISSN 1536-8742. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
↑ Laidler, Keith J. (2002). Energy and the unexpected (1. publ ed.). Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0-19-852516-5.
↑ Maxwell, James Clerk (1890). Niven, W. D. (ed.). The Scientific Papers of James Clerk Maxwell: Volume 1. Cambridge library collection. Physical Sciences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-511-69809-5. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
↑ Ringworm (in Inggris), Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2004, pp. 506–506, doi:10.1007/3-540-29668-9_2349, ISBN 978-3-540-29668-3, retrieved 2026-01-07
↑ Blackburn, Jemima (1895). Birds from Moidart and elsewhere / [by] Mrs. Hugh Blackburn. Edinburgh :: David Douglas,.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
↑ "William Dyce Cay, M.Inst., C.E." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (in Inggris). 46: 385–385. 1927. doi:10.1017/S0370164600051828. ISSN 0370-1646.
↑ Tolstoj, Ivan (1982). James Clerk Maxwell: a biography. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-80785-0.

[1] Shearer, Joanna (2008-06). "Lara Farina, Erotic Discourse and Early English Religious Writing. (The New Middle Ages.) Palgrave Macmillan, 2006". Medieval Feminist Forum. 44 (1): 126–129. doi:10.17077/1536-8742.1723. ISSN 1536-8742. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[2] Laidler, Keith J. (2002). Energy and the unexpected (1. publ ed.). Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0-19-852516-5.

[3] Maxwell, James Clerk (1890). Niven, W. D. (ed.). The Scientific Papers of James Clerk Maxwell: Volume 1. Cambridge library collection. Physical Sciences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-511-69809-5. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)

[4] Ringworm (in Inggris), Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2004, pp. 506–506, doi:10.1007/3-540-29668-9_2349, ISBN 978-3-540-29668-3, retrieved 2026-01-07

[5] Blackburn, Jemima (1895). Birds from Moidart and elsewhere / [by] Mrs. Hugh Blackburn. Edinburgh :: David Douglas,.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)

[6] "William Dyce Cay, M.Inst., C.E." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (in Inggris). 46: 385–385. 1927. doi:10.1017/S0370164600051828. ISSN 0370-1646.

[7] Tolstoj, Ivan (1982). James Clerk Maxwell: a biography. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-80785-0.

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