Lompat ke isi

Humphrey IV Ḍâri Toron

Ḍâri Wikipèḍia bhâsa Madhurâ, lombhung pangataowan mardhika

Humphrey IV ḍâri Toron (c. 1166 – 1198) panèka orèng bhângsawan sè èkennal è Keraton Yerussalem. Humphrey lahèr c. 1165, potrana Humphrey, ahli wâris Humphrey II ḍâri Toron, bân Stephanie dâri Milly.[1][2] Humphrey ghi' kènè' bâkto ramana sèdhâ c. 1173.[3][4] Embu'na langsung awârisi Lordship of Transjordan.[4] Salèrana akabin bân Miles of Plancy, seneschal ḍâri Yerussalem, sè èpate'è è bulân Oktober 1174.[5][6] taon salastarèna, èpon akabin sareng Raynald dâri Châtillon.[7] Humphrey èwârisi Lordship of Toron ḍâri èbhuna, sè matè polana loka sè ètarèma è Perrang Banyas è tangghâl 22 April 1179.[8]

Isabella, alè'na Rato Baldwin IV ḍâri Yerussalem sè aomor bâllu' taon, atunangan sareng Humphrey è bulân Oktober 1180.[9] Humphrey bân Isabella, Raynald dâri Châtillon bân Balian dâri Ibelin, panèka tokoh-tokoh sè èkennal dâri duwâ' kalompo' bhângsawan è Keraton Yerussalem.[9][10] Duwâ' kalompo' bhângsawan ajuwang kaangghuy ngontrol administrasi naghârâ, polana rato kusta ta' bisa marènta kadibi'ân. Mètorot kontrak pakabinan, Humphrey masra'aghi domain sè èwârisaghi (Toron, Banias, bân Chastel Neuf) ka Baldwin IV, kalabân èghântè'è 7.000 bezants.[11] Syarat-syarat parjhânjiân pakabinan panèka nojjhuwaghi jhâ' rato terro nyegghâ Humphrey ḍâri aghâdhui duwâ' fiefs bhâghus Toron bân Transjordan. Baldwin IV aberri' Toron otabâ hak kaangghuy aghâdhui ghâbây èbuna, Agnes of Courtenay, è taon 1183.[12][13]

Saladin nyerrang Keraton Yerussalem è bulân September 1183.[14] Humphrey mimpin tentara Oultrejourdain, sè èkèrèm sareng Raynald dâri Châtillon kaangghuy noro' pasukan keratom sè akolaborasi. Pasukan Saladin nyerrang bân para' maancor pasukanna è Gunong Gilboa.[15] Kampanye Saladin èsambhât kalabân ètarèk è tangghâl 7 Oktober, polana ta' bisa mayakinaghi tentara otama kaangghuy noro' perrang.[16]

Kapatèan

[beccè' | beccè' sombher]

Humphrey akabin sareng Isabella è Benteng Kerak è mosèm gugur taon 1183. Humphrey matè è taon 1198, ta' abit saellana Isabella, duda polè, akabin bân Rato Aimery ḍâri Siprus. È taon 1229, wârisan Humphrey, Toron, èbâliaghi ka Keraton Yerussalem mètorot parjhânjian antarana Sultan Al-Kamil Mesir bân Kaisar Romawi Suci Frederick II. Wilayah panèka èkala' sareng Mary of Antiokhia, sè aropa'aghi panakanna alè'na Humphrey, Isabella ḍâri Toron.[17][18][19]

Sombher

[beccè' | beccè' sombher]
  1. ↑ Runciman 1989a, kaca 396, Lampiran III (Silsilah No. 4.).
  2. ↑ Hamilton 2000, kaca . 161.
  3. ↑ Runciman 1989a, kaca . 396.
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 Hamilton 2000, kaca . 92.
  5. ↑ Runciman 1989a, kaca . 405.
  6. ↑ Hamilton 2000, kaca . 90, 92.
  7. ↑ Runciman 1989a, kaca . 406, 408.
  8. ↑ Runciman 1989a, kaca . 419, 424. .
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 Barber 2012, kaca . 275.
  10. ↑ Runciman 1989a, kaca . 424.
  11. ↑ Hamilton 2000, kaca . 161–162.
  12. ↑ Runciman 1989a, kaca . 425 (catedhân 1).
  13. ↑ Barber 2012, kaca . 417 (catedhân71).
  14. ↑ Barber 2012, kaca . 281.
  15. ↑ Runciman 1989a, kaca . 438.
  16. ↑ Hamilton 2000, kaca . 190.
  17. ↑ Hamilton 2016, kaca 228.
  18. ↑ Runciman 1989b, kaca . 187.
  19. ↑ Runciman 1989b, kaca . 205.

Rujughân

[beccè' | beccè' sombher]
  • Barber, Malcolm (2012). The Crusader States. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-11312-9.
  • Hamilton, Bernard (2000). The Leper King and His Heirs: Baldwin IV and the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-64187-6.
  • Hamilton, Bernard (2016). "Queen Alice of Cyprus". In Boas, Adrian J. (ed.). The Crusader World. The University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 225–240. ISBN 978-0-415-82494-1.
  • Runciman, Steven (1989a). A History of the Crusades, Volume II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East, 1100-1187. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-06163-6.
  • Runciman, Steven (1989b). A History of the Crusades, Volume III: The Kingdom of Acre and the Later Crusades. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-06163-6.
Èpondhut ḍâri "https://mad.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Humphrey_IV_Ḍâri_Toron&oldid=50260"