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Cèṭa'an:Infobox element/symbol-to-electron-configuration/doc

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Usage

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use |symbol=Hg
{{Infobox element/symbol-to-electron-configuration|Symbol=Og|format=comment, ref}} →
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Format options: do-not-wikilink-the-noble-gas, highlight non-aufbau electrons (Electron_configuration#Other_exceptions_to_Madelung's_rule)

Table

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Chemical elements: electron-configuration and term symbol
Element Group Electron configuration konfigurasi elektron (P8000) Term symbol note
  1, 2, S, P,
1 H H: Hydrogen 1 1s1 1s¹ Edit this at Wikidata 2S1/2 S2S1/2
2 He He: Helium 18 1s2 1s² Edit this at Wikidata 1S0 S1S0
3 Li Li: Lithium 1 [He] 2s1 1s² 2s¹, [He] 2s¹ Edit this at Wikidata 2S1/2 S2S1/2
4 Be Be: Beryllium 2 [He] 2s2 1s² 2s², [He] 2s² Edit this at Wikidata 1S0 S1S0
5 B B: Boron 13 [He] 2s2 2p1 1s² 2s² 2p¹, [He] 2s² 2p¹ Edit this at Wikidata 2P1/2 P2P1/2
6 C C: Carbon 14 [He] 2s2 2p2 1s² 2s² 2p², [He] 2s² 2p² Edit this at Wikidata 3P0 P3P0
7 N N: Nitrogen 15 [He] 2s2 2p3 1s² 2s² 2p³, [He] 2s² 2p³ Edit this at Wikidata 4S3/2 S4S3/2
8 O O: Oxygen 16 [He] 2s2 2p4 [He] 2s² 2p⁴, 1s² 2s² 2p⁴ Edit this at Wikidata 3P2 P3P2
9 F F: Fluorine 17 [He] 2s2 2p5[1] 1s² 2s² 2p⁵, [He] 2s² 2p⁵ Edit this at Wikidata 2P3/2 P2P3/2
10 Ne Ne: Neon 18 [He] 2s2 2p6 1s² 2s² 2p⁶, [He] 2s² 2p⁶ Edit this at Wikidata 1S0 S1S0
11 Na Na: Sodium 1 [Ne] 3s1 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹, [Ne] 3s¹ Edit this at Wikidata 2S1/2 S2S1/2
12 Mg Mg: Magnesium 2 [Ne] 3s2 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s², [Ne] 3s² Edit this at Wikidata 1S0 S1S0
13 Al Al: Aluminium 13 [Ne] 3s2 3p1 [Ne] 3s² 3p¹, 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p¹ Edit this at Wikidata 2P1/2 P2P1/2
14 Si Si: Silicon 14 [Ne] 3s2 3p2 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p², [Ne] 3s² 3p² Edit this at Wikidata 3P0 P3P0
15 P P: Phosphorus 15 [Ne] 3s2 3p3 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p³, [Ne] 3s² 3p³ Edit this at Wikidata 4S3/2 S4S3/2
16 S S: Sulfur 16 [Ne] 3s2 3p4 [Ne] 3s² 3p⁴, 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁴ Edit this at Wikidata 3P2 P3P2
17 Cl Cl: Chlorine 17 [Ne] 3s2 3p5 [Ne] 3s² 3p⁵, 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵ Edit this at Wikidata 2P3/2 P2P3/2
18 Ar Ar: Argon 18 [Ne] 3s2 3p6 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶, [Ne] 3s² 3p⁶ Edit this at Wikidata 1S0 S1S0
19 K K: Potassium 1 [Ar] 4s1 [Ar] 4s¹, 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹ Edit this at Wikidata 2S1/2 S2S1/2
20 Ca Ca: Calcium 2 [Ar] 4s2 [Ar] 4s², 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² Edit this at Wikidata 1S0 S1S0
21 Sc Sc: Scandium 3 [Ar] 3d1 4s2 [Ar] 3d¹ 4s², 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹ 4s² Edit this at Wikidata 2D3/2 D2D3/2
22 Ti Ti: Titanium 4 [Ar] 3d2 4s2 [Ar] 3d² 4s² Edit this at Wikidata 3F2 F3F2
23 V V: Vanadium 5 [Ar] 3d3 4s2 [Ar] 3d³ 4s² Edit this at Wikidata 4F3/2 F4F3/2
24 Cr Cr: Chromium 6 [Ar] 3d5 4s1 [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹ Edit this at Wikidata 7S3 S7S3
25 Mn Mn: Manganese 7 [Ar] 3d5 4s2 [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s² Edit this at Wikidata 6S5/2 S6S5/2
26 Fe Fe: Iron 8 [Ar] 3d6 4s2 [Ar] 3d⁶ 4s² Edit this at Wikidata 5D4 D5D4
27 Co Co: Cobalt 9 [Ar] 3d7 4s2 [Ar] 3d⁷ 4s² Edit this at Wikidata 4F9/2 F4F9/2
28 Ni Ni: Nickel 10 [Ar] 3d8 4s2 or [Ar] 3d9 4s1 Edit this at Wikidata 3F4 F3F4
29 Cu Cu: Copper 11 [Ar] 3d10 4s1 Edit this at Wikidata 2S1/2 S2S1/2
30 Zn Zn: Zinc 12 [Ar] 3d10 4s2 Edit this at Wikidata 1S0 S1S0
31 Ga Ga: Gallium 13 [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1 Edit this at Wikidata 2P1/2 P2P1/2
32 Ge Ge: Germanium 14 [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2 Edit this at Wikidata 3P0 P3P0
33 As As: Arsenic 15 [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p3 Edit this at Wikidata 4S3/2 S4S3/2
34 Se Se: Selenium 16 [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4 Edit this at Wikidata 3P2 P3P2
35 Br Br: Bromine 17 [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5 Edit this at Wikidata 2P3/2 P2P3/2
36 Kr Kr: Krypton 18 [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6 Lua error in Modul:Wd at line 1890: bad argument #1 to 'ipairs' (table expected, got nil). Edit this at Wikidata 1S0 S1S0
37 Rb Rb: Rubidium 1 [Kr] 5s1 [Kr] 5s¹ Edit this at Wikidata 2S1/2 S2S1/2
38 Sr Sr: Strontium 2 [Kr] 5s2 [Kr] 5s² Edit this at Wikidata 1S0 S1S0
39 Y Y: Yttrium 3 [Kr] 4d1 5s2 [Kr] 4d¹ 5s² Edit this at Wikidata 2D3/2 D2D3/2
40 Zr Zr: Zirconium 4 [Kr] 4d2 5s2 [Kr] 4d² 5s² Edit this at Wikidata 3F2 F3F2
41 Nb Nb: Niobium 5 [Kr] 4d4 5s1 [Kr] 4d⁴ 5s¹ Edit this at Wikidata 6D1/2 D6D1/2
42 Mo Mo: Molybdenum 6 [Kr] 4d5 5s1 [Kr] 4d⁵ 5s¹ Edit this at Wikidata 7S3 S7S3
43 Tc Tc: Technetium 7 [Kr] 4d5 5s2 [Kr] 4d⁵ 5s² Edit this at Wikidata 6S5/2 S6S5/2
44 Ru Ru: Ruthenium 8 [Kr] 4d7 5s1 [Kr] 4d⁷ 5s¹ Edit this at Wikidata 5F5 F5F5
45 Rh Rh: Rhodium 9 [Kr] 4d8 5s1 [Kr] 5s¹ 4d⁸ Edit this at Wikidata 4F9/2 F4F9/2
46 Pd Pd: Palladium 10 [Kr] 4d10 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 4d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 5d⁸, [Kr] 5s² 5d⁸ Edit this at Wikidata 1S0 S1S0
47 Ag Ag: Silver 11 [Kr] 4d10 5s1 Edit this at Wikidata 2S1/2 S2S1/2
48 Cd Cd: Cadmium 12 [Kr] 4d10 5s2 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 4d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 5d¹⁰, [Kr] 5s² 5d¹⁰ Edit this at Wikidata 1S0 S1S0
49 In In: Indium 13 [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 4d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 5d¹⁰ 5p¹, [Kr] 5s² 5d¹⁰ 5p¹ Edit this at Wikidata 2P1/2 P2P1/2
50 Sn Sn: Tin 14 [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 4d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 5d¹⁰ 5p², [Kr] 5s² 5d¹⁰ 5p² Edit this at Wikidata 3P0 P3P0
51 Sb Sb: Antimony 15 [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 4d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 5d¹⁰ 5p³, [Kr] 5s² 5d¹⁰ 5p³ Edit this at Wikidata 4S3/2 S4S3/2
52 Te Te: Tellurium 16 [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 4d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 5d¹⁰ 5p⁴, [Kr] 5s² 5d¹⁰ 5p⁴ Edit this at Wikidata 3P2 P3P2
53 I I: Iodine 17 [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁵, [Kr] 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁵ Edit this at Wikidata 2P3/2 P2P3/2
54 Xe Xe: Xenon 18 [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p6 Lua error in Modul:Wd at line 1890: bad argument #1 to 'ipairs' (table expected, got nil). Edit this at Wikidata 1S0 S1S0
55 Cs Cs: Caesium 1 [Xe] 6s1 [Xe] 6s¹, 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 4d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 5d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s¹ Edit this at Wikidata 2S1/2 S2S1/2
56 Ba Ba: Barium 2 [Xe] 6s2 [Xe] 6s², 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 4d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 5d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² Edit this at Wikidata 1S0 S1S0
57 La La: Lanthanum f-block groups [Xe] 5d1 6s2 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 4d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 5d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 6d¹, [Xe] 6s² 6d¹ Edit this at Wikidata 2D3/2 D2D3/2
58 Ce Ce: Cerium f-block groups [Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2[2] Edit this at Wikidata 1G4 G1G4
59 Pr Pr: Praseodymium f-block groups [Xe] 4f3 6s2 Edit this at Wikidata 4I9/2 I4I9/2
60 Nd Nd: Neodymium f-block groups [Xe] 4f4 6s2 Edit this at Wikidata 5I4 I5I4
61 Pm Pm: Promethium f-block groups [Xe] 4f5 6s2 Edit this at Wikidata 6H5/2 H6H5/2
62 Sm Sm: Samarium f-block groups [Xe] 4f6 6s2 Edit this at Wikidata 7F0 F7F0
63 Eu Eu: Europium f-block groups [Xe] 4f7 6s2 Edit this at Wikidata 8S7/2 S8S7/2
64 Gd Gd: Gadolinium f-block groups [Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2 Edit this at Wikidata 9D2 D9D2
65 Tb Tb: Terbium f-block groups [Xe] 4f9 6s2 Edit this at Wikidata 6H15/2 H6H15/2
66 Dy Dy: Dysprosium f-block groups [Xe] 4f10 6s2 Edit this at Wikidata 5I8 I5I8
67 Ho Ho: Holmium f-block groups [Xe] 4f11 6s2 Edit this at Wikidata 4I15/2 I4I15/2
68 Er Er: Erbium f-block groups [Xe] 4f12 6s2 Edit this at Wikidata 3H6 H3H6
69 Tm Tm: Thulium f-block groups [Xe] 4f13 6s2 Edit this at Wikidata 2F7/2 F2F7/2
70 Yb Yb: Ytterbium f-block groups [Xe] 4f14 6s2 Edit this at Wikidata 1S0 S1S0
71 Lu Lu: Lutetium 3 [Xe] 4f14 5d1 6s2 Edit this at Wikidata 2D3/2 D2D3/2
72 Hf Hf: Hafnium 4 [Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2 [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d² 6s² Edit this at Wikidata 3F2 F3F2
73 Ta Ta: Tantalum 5 [Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2 [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d³ 6s² Edit this at Wikidata 4F3/2 F4F3/2
74 W W: Tungsten 6 [Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2[3] [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁴ 6s² Edit this at Wikidata 5D0 D5D0
75 Re Re: Rhenium 7 [Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2 [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁵ 6s² Edit this at Wikidata 6S5/2 S6S5/2
76 Os Os: Osmium 8 [Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2 [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁶ 6s² Edit this at Wikidata 5D4 D5D4
77 Ir Ir: Iridium 9 [Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2 Edit this at Wikidata 4F9/2 F4F9/2
78 Pt Pt: Platinum 10 [Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1 Edit this at Wikidata 3D3 D3D3
79 Au Au: Gold 11 [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1 Edit this at Wikidata 2S1/2 S2S1/2
80 Hg Hg: Mercury (element) 12 [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² Edit this at Wikidata 1S0 S1S0
81 Tl Tl: Thallium 13 [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1 Edit this at Wikidata 2P1/2 P2P1/2
82 Pb Pb: Lead 14 [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2 Edit this at Wikidata 3P0 P3P0
83 Bi Bi: Bismuth 15 [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3 Edit this at Wikidata 4S3/2 S4S3/2
84 Po Po: Polonium 16 [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4 Edit this at Wikidata 3P2 P3P2
85 At At: Astatine 17 [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p5 Edit this at Wikidata 2P3/2 P2P3/2
86 Rn Rn: Radon 18 [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6 Lua error in Modul:Wd at line 1890: bad argument #1 to 'ipairs' (table expected, got nil). Edit this at Wikidata 1S0 S1S0
87 Fr Fr: Francium 1 [Rn] 7s1 [Rn] 7s¹ Edit this at Wikidata 2S1/2 S2S1/2
88 Ra Ra: Radium 2 [Rn] 7s2 [Rn] 7s² Edit this at Wikidata 1S0 S1S0
89 Ac Ac: Actinium f-block groups [Rn] 6d1 7s2 Edit this at Wikidata 2D3/2 D2D3/2
90 Th Th: Thorium f-block groups [Rn] 6d2 7s2 Edit this at Wikidata 3F2 F3F2
91 Pa Pa: Protactinium f-block groups [Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2 Edit this at Wikidata 4K11/2 K4K11/2
92 U U: Uranium f-block groups [Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2 Edit this at Wikidata 5L6 L5L6
93 Np Np: Neptunium f-block groups [Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2 Edit this at Wikidata 6L11/2 L6L11/2
94 Pu Pu: Plutonium f-block groups [Rn] 5f6 7s2 Edit this at Wikidata 7F0 F7F0
95 Am Am: Americium f-block groups [Rn] 5f7 7s2 Edit this at Wikidata 8S7/2 S8S7/2
96 Cm Cm: Curium f-block groups [Rn] 5f7 6d1 7s2 Edit this at Wikidata 9D2 D9D2
97 Bk Bk: Berkelium f-block groups [Rn] 5f9 7s2 Edit this at Wikidata 6H15/2 H6H15/2
98 Cf Cf: Californium f-block groups [Rn] 5f10 7s2[4] Lua error in Modul:Wd at line 1890: bad argument #1 to 'ipairs' (table expected, got nil). Edit this at Wikidata 5I8 I5I8
99 Es Es: Einsteinium f-block groups [Rn] 5f11 7s2 Edit this at Wikidata 4I15/2 I4I15/2
100 Fm Fm: Fermium f-block groups [Rn] 5f12 7s2 Edit this at Wikidata 3H6 H3H6
101 Md Md: Mendelevium f-block groups [Rn] 5f13 7s2 Edit this at Wikidata 2F7/2 F2F7/2
102 No No: Nobelium f-block groups [Rn] 5f14 7s2 Edit this at Wikidata 1S0 S1S0
103 Lr Lr: Lawrencium 3 [Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1 Edit this at Wikidata 2P1/2? P2P1/2?
104 Rf Rf: Rutherfordium 4 [Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2[5][6] [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d² 7s² Edit this at Wikidata 3F2 F3F2
105 Db Db: Dubnium 5 [Rn] 5f14 6d3 7s2[6] [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d³ 7s² Edit this at Wikidata 4F3/2? F4F3/2?
106 Sg Sg: Seaborgium 6 [Rn] 5f14 6d4 7s2[6] [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁴ 7s² Edit this at Wikidata 5D0? D5D0?
107 Bh Bh: Bohrium 7 [Rn] 5f14 6d5 7s2[7][6] [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁵ 7s² Edit this at Wikidata 6S5/2? S6S5/2?
108 Hs Hs: Hassium 8 [Rn] 5f14 6d6 7s2[8] [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁶ 7s² Edit this at Wikidata 5D4? D5D4?
109 Mt Mt: Meitnerium 9 [Rn] 5f14 6d7 7s2 (predicted)[6][9] Edit this at Wikidata 4F9/2? F4F9/2?
110 Ds Ds: Darmstadtium 10 [Rn] 5f14 6d8 7s2 (predicted)[6] Edit this at Wikidata 3F4? F3F4?
111 Rg Rg: Roentgenium 11 [Rn] 5f14 6d9 7s2 (predicted)[10][6] Edit this at Wikidata 2D5/2? D2D5/2?
112 Cn Cn: Copernicium 12 [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 (predicted)[6] Edit this at Wikidata 1S0? S1S0?
113 Nh Nh: Nihonium 13 [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p1 (predicted)[6] Edit this at Wikidata 2P1/2? P2P1/2?
114 Fl Fl: Flerovium 14 [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p2 (predicted)[6] Edit this at Wikidata 3P0? P3P0?
115 Mc Mc: Moscovium 15 [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p3 (predicted)[6] Edit this at Wikidata 4S3/2? S4S3/2?
116 Lv Lv: Livermorium 16 [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p4 (predicted)[6] Edit this at Wikidata 3P2? P3P2?
117 Ts Ts: Tennessine 17 [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p5 (predicted)[6] Edit this at Wikidata 2P3/2? P2P3/2?
118 Og Og: Oganesson 18 [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p6 (predicted)[11][6] Lua error in Modul:Wd at line 1890: bad argument #1 to 'ipairs' (table expected, got nil). Edit this at Wikidata 1S0? S1S0?
119 Uue Uue: Ununennium 1 [Og] 8s1 (predicted)[6] Edit this at Wikidata 2S1/2? S2S1/2?
120 Ubn Ubn: Unbinilium 2 [Og] 8s2 (predicted)[6] Edit this at Wikidata 1S0? S1S0?
121 Ubu Ubu: Unbiunium g-block groups [Og] 8s2 8p1 (predicted)[6] Edit this at Wikidata 2P1/2? P2P1/2?
122 Ubb Ubb: Unbibium g-block groups [Og] 7d1 8s2 8p1 (predicted)[12] Edit this at Wikidata
123 Ubt Ubt: Unbitrium g-block groups Edit this at Wikidata
124 Ubq Ubq: Unbiquadium g-block groups [Og] 6f3 8s2 8p1 (predicted)[12] Edit this at Wikidata
125 Ubp Ubp: Unbipentium g-block groups Edit this at Wikidata
126 Ubh Ubh: Unbihexium g-block groups [Og] 5g2 6f3 8s2 8p1 (predicted)[12] Edit this at Wikidata

Subtemplates

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See also

[beccè' sombher]
  1. ↑ Jaccaud et al. 2000, p. 381.
  2. ↑ Ground levels and ionization energies for the neutral atoms, NIST
  3. ↑ Berger, Dan. "Why does Tungsten not 'Kick' up an electron from the s sublevel ?". Bluffton College, USA.
  4. ↑ CRC 2006, p. 1.14.
  5. ↑ "Rutherfordium". Royal Chemical Society. Retrieved 2019-09-21.
  6. ↑ 6,00 6,01 6,02 6,03 6,04 6,05 6,06 6,07 6,08 6,09 6,10 6,11 6,12 6,13 6,14 6,15 6,16 Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). "Transactinides and the future elements". In Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (eds.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 978-1-4020-3555-5.
  7. ↑ Johnson, E.; Fricke, B.; Jacob, T.; Dong, C. Z.; Fritzsche, S.; Pershina, V. (2002). "Ionization potentials and radii of neutral and ionized species of elements 107 (bohrium) and 108 (hassium) from extended multiconfiguration Dirac–Fock calculations". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 116 (5): 1862–1868. Bibcode:2002JChPh.116.1862J. doi:10.1063/1.1430256.
  8. ↑ Hoffman, Lee & Pershina 2006, p. 1672.
  9. ↑ Thierfelder, C.; Schwerdtfeger, P.; Heßberger, F. P.; Hofmann, S. (2008). "Dirac-Hartree-Fock studies of X-ray transitions in meitnerium". The European Physical Journal A. 36 (2): 227. Bibcode:2008EPJA...36..227T. doi:10.1140/epja/i2008-10584-7.
  10. ↑ Turler, A. (2004). "Gas Phase Chemistry of Superheavy Elements" (PDF). Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemical Sciences. 5 (2): R19 – R25. doi:10.14494/jnrs2000.5.R19.
  11. ↑ Nash, Clinton S. (2005). "Atomic and Molecular Properties of Elements 112, 114, and 118". Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 109 (15): 3493–3500. Bibcode:2005JPCA..109.3493N. doi:10.1021/jp050736o. PMID 16833687.
  12. ↑ 12,0 12,1 12,2 Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). "Transactinides and the future elements". In Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (eds.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 978-1-4020-3555-5.
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