Al-Mutawakkil

Al-Mutawwakil alā Allah (bhâsa Arab: المتوكل على الله, al-Mutawakkil ʿalā Allāh, artèna 'sè atakwa ka Allah'; 31 Maret 822 – 10 Dèsèmber 861), panèka khalifah Kakhalifahan Abbasiyah sè ka sapolo, sè marènta dâri taon 847 kantos salèrana èpatè'è è taon 861. Salèrana aghentè'è tarètanna, sè anyama al-Watsiq (m. 842–847), bân èkennal polana maluwas kakhalifahan sacara maksimal.^[1]

Kaodi'ân

Al-Mutawakkil lahèr è tangghâl 31 Maret 822 ḍâri pangèran Abbasiyah Abu Ishaq Muhammad bân sèttong sellir budâ' dâri Khwarazm anyama Syuja al-Khwarazmi. Kaoḍi'ân awwâlla ta' jellas, polana salèrana ta' anḍi' kontribusi sakalè è urusân politik kantos sèdhâna tarètan sambhungnga sè atowa'an, nyamana al-Watsiq è bulân Agustus 847.^[2]

Al-Mutawakkil lahèr è jhâman pamarènta'anna om-ma, nyamana al-Ma'mun. Nyama lengkabbhâ panèka Ja'far bin Muhammad bân Kunyana panèka Abu al-Fadl. Kaoḍi'ân awwâl pangèran ngodâ kasebbhut teppa' ka jhâman kaemmasân Kakhalifahan Abbasiyah. Bâkto jhâman ngodâna, eppa'na panèka pejabat penting om-ma, khalifah al-Ma'mun, sè marènta kantos sèdhâna è taon 833. Mètorot carèta ath-Thabari, è kennengngan sèdhâna, al-Ma'mun adiktè sèttong sorat sè nyalonaghi tarètanna, bânnè al-Abbas sè aghentè'è,^[3] bân Abu Ishaq ènyata'aghi dhâddhi khalifah è tangghâl 9 Agustus, kalabân laqab al-Mu'tashim (sacara lengkap al-Mu'taṣim bi'llāh, "salèrana sè nyarè parlindungan Allah").^[4] Eppa'na dhâddhi khalifah Abbasiyah ka bâllu' è taon 833. Eppa'na marènta kakhalifahan bâllu' taon abiddhâ bân èghentè sareng pottra wa'-towa'ânna sè anyama al-Watsiq.

Mènangka pangèran ngodâ, pottra palèng towana Ja'far, Muhammad lahèr è taon 837. Èbhuna Al-Muntasir panèka Hubsyiyah, panèka Umm walad Yunani.^[5] bâkto kalahèrannna, Ja'far aomor 14 taon. Pottra-pottrana sè laèn, nyamana Ahmad al-Mu'tamid bân Talha al-Muwaffaq lahèr bhân-sabbhânna è taon 842 bân 843. Èbhu al-Mu'tamid panèka Umm walad dâri Kufah sè anyama Fityan.^[6]

Sombher

↑ Rein Taagepera (September 1997). "Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia". International Studies Quarterly. 41 (3): 475–504. doi:10.1111/0020-8833.00053. JSTOR 2600793. Èarsipaghi ḍâri vèrsi aslina tangghâl 19 November 2018. Èaksès tangghâl 21-01-2026
↑ Kennedy, Hugh N. The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the Sixth to the Eleventh Century. London & New York: Longman / Routledge, 1993, kaca 777.
↑ Bosworth, C. E. The Islamic Dynasties. Edinburgh / New York: Edinburgh University Press / Columbia University Press, 1987, kaca 222–223, 225.
↑ Bosworth, C. E. The Islamic Dynasties. Edinburgh / New York: Edinburgh University Press / Columbia University Press, 1987, kaca 1
↑ Kennedy, Hugh N. The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the Sixth to the Eleventh Century. London & New York: Longman / Routledge, 1993, kaca 173
↑ Kennedy, Hugh N. The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the Sixth to the Eleventh Century. London & New York: Longman / Routledge, 1993, kaca 765.

[1] Rein Taagepera (September 1997). "Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia". International Studies Quarterly. 41 (3): 475–504. doi:10.1111/0020-8833.00053. JSTOR 2600793. Èarsipaghi ḍâri vèrsi aslina tangghâl 19 November 2018. Èaksès tangghâl 21-01-2026

[2] Kennedy, Hugh N. The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the Sixth to the Eleventh Century. London & New York: Longman / Routledge, 1993, kaca 777.

[3] Bosworth, C. E. The Islamic Dynasties. Edinburgh / New York: Edinburgh University Press / Columbia University Press, 1987, kaca 222–223, 225.

[4] Bosworth, C. E. The Islamic Dynasties. Edinburgh / New York: Edinburgh University Press / Columbia University Press, 1987, kaca 1

[5] Kennedy, Hugh N. The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the Sixth to the Eleventh Century. London & New York: Longman / Routledge, 1993, kaca 173

[6] Kennedy, Hugh N. The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the Sixth to the Eleventh Century. London & New York: Longman / Routledge, 1993, kaca 765.

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