Al-Mu'tamid

Abu’l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad bin Jaʿfar bin Muḥammad bin Hārūn al-Muʿtamid ʿalā’Llāh (bhâsa Arab: أبو العباس أحمد بن جعفر; ca 842 – 14 Oktober 892), lebbi èkennal kalabân nyama pamarènta'anna al-Muʿtamid ʿalā 'llāh (المعتمد على الله, 'Bergantung pada Tuhan'), panèka khalifah Kakhalifahan Abbasiyah ḍâri taon 870 kantos taon 892. Pamarènta'anna nandhâi "Anarki è Samarra" marè bân rèstorasi Abbasiyah èmolaè, tapè salèrana sabâgiyân rajâ pamarènta'anna ghun karè nyama. Kakobâsa'an ètegghu' tarètanna nyamana al-Muwaffaq, sè negghu' kasetiya'an ka militèr. Otoritas Al-Mu'tamid èbâtessè saellana ta' suksès ghâbây buru ka wilajâ sè èparènta Ahmad bin Tulun è akhèr 882, bân salèrana èsabâ' è bâbâna penjara roma sareng tarètanna. Saellana al-Mu'tamid sèdhâ è taon 892, al-Mu'tadhid aghentè'è salèrana mènangka khalifah.

Kaodi'ân

al-Mu'tamid nyama lengkabbhâ panèka Khalifah al-Mutawakkil (m. 847–861).[1] Nyama lengkabbhâ panèka Ahmad bin Abi Ja'far, bân jhughân èkennal kalabân nyama patronimik Abu'l-Abbas, bân ḍâri èbhuna anyama Ibnu Fityan.^[1] Saellana al-Muhtadi èpatoron sareng komandan Turki Bayakbak bân Yarjukh, salèrana èpèlè sareng militèr mènangka sè aghentè'è bân aproklamasiyaghi Khalifah kalabân nyama pamarènta'anna al-Mu'tamid ʿAlā 'llāh è tangghâl 16 otabâ 19 Juni 870. È tangghâl 21 Juni, al-Muhtadi ajhâlâni eksekusi.^[2]

Pamarènta'an al-Mu'tamid nandhâi marèna kadhâddhiyân "Anarki è Samarra", sè èmolaè kalabân matè'è al-Mutawakkil è taon 861. Otoritas khalifah è provinsi-provinsi ghâgghâr bâkto periode kasebbhut, kalabân hasèl jhâ' pamarènta pusat èlang kontrol efektif ka sabâgiyân rajâ kakhalifahan è lowar wilajâ mètropolitan Irak. È bârâ', Mesir ampon ghâgghâr è pamarènta'anna tentara Turki sè ambisius Ahmad bin Tulun, sè jhughân anḍi' rancana è Suriyah, tor Khurasan bân sabâgiyân rajâ Tèmor Islam è kala' sareng Saffariyah è bâbâna Ya'qub bin al-Laits, sè aghentè'è gubernur Abbasiyah, nyamanaMuhammad bin Thahir. Sabâgiyân rajâ Arab jhughân èlang è tanangnga pangobâsa lokal, tor è Tabaristan sèttong dinasti Syiah Zaidi sè radikal ngala' kakobâsa'an. Tor è Irak, pangrosaghân buḍâ' Zanj ampon èmolaè bân lekkas ngancem Bagdad dhibi', bân lebbi jhâu ka lao' kaum Qaramitah panèka anceman sè bhuru lahèr.^[3]^[4]^[5]

Sombher-sombher

↑ Waines, David, ed. (1992). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXXVI: The Revolt of the Zanj, A.D. 869–879/A.H. 255–265. Seri SUNY dalam Studi Timur Dekat. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-0763-9. kaca 115.
↑ Waines, David, ed. (1992). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXXVI: The Revolt of the Zanj, A.D. 869–879/A.H. 255–265. Seri SUNY dalam Studi Timur Dekat. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-0763-9. kaca 93–99, 115.
↑ Mottahedeh, Roy (1975). "The ʿAbbāsid Caliphate in Iran". Dalam Frye, Richard N. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. kaca 77–78. ISBN 0-521-20093-8.
↑ Bonner, Michael (2010). "The waning of empire, 861–945". Dalam Robinson, Chase F. (ed.). The New Cambridge History of Islam, Volume 1: The Formation of the Islamic World, Sixth to Eleventh Centuries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. kaca 313–327. ISBN 978-0-521-83823-8.
↑ Kennedy, Hugh (2001). The Armies of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State. London and New York: Routledge. kaca 148 ISBN 0-415-25093-5.

[1] Waines, David, ed. (1992). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXXVI: The Revolt of the Zanj, A.D. 869–879/A.H. 255–265. Seri SUNY dalam Studi Timur Dekat. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-0763-9. kaca 115.

[2] Waines, David, ed. (1992). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXXVI: The Revolt of the Zanj, A.D. 869–879/A.H. 255–265. Seri SUNY dalam Studi Timur Dekat. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-0763-9. kaca 93–99, 115.

[3] Mottahedeh, Roy (1975). "The ʿAbbāsid Caliphate in Iran". Dalam Frye, Richard N. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. kaca 77–78. ISBN 0-521-20093-8.

[4] Bonner, Michael (2010). "The waning of empire, 861–945". Dalam Robinson, Chase F. (ed.). The New Cambridge History of Islam, Volume 1: The Formation of the Islamic World, Sixth to Eleventh Centuries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. kaca 313–327. ISBN 978-0-521-83823-8.

[5] Kennedy, Hugh (2001). The Armies of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State. London and New York: Routledge. kaca 148 ISBN 0-415-25093-5.

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