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Ajâm

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Ajâm
Gallus gallus domesticus Edit nilai pada Wikidata

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KelasAves
OrdoGalliformes
FamiliPhasianidae
GenusGallus
SubspesiesGallus gallus domesticus Edit nilai pada Wikidata
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Protonim (id) TerjemahkanPhasianus domesticus Edit nilai pada Wikidata
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Ajâm (Gallus gallus domesticus) èngghi panèka unggas ḍâri ordo Galliformes[1] sè biyasa èyobu ka'angghuy èghuna'aghi dhâghingnga, tellor, bân buluna. Ajâm obuwân aropa'aghi katoronan langsung ḍâri sala sèttong subspèsiès ajâm alas sè èkennal mènangka ajâm alas mèra (Gallus gallus) otabâ ajâm bangkiwa (bankiva fowl) sè èpalolo' bân asalla dâri Asia Tenggara. Kabin selang antar ras ajâm ampon ngasèllaghi atosan galur ongghul otabâ galur murni kalabân cem-macem fungsi; sè palèng umum panèka ajâm potong (ka'angghuy èpotong) bân ajâm patellor (ka'angghuy èpondhut tellorra). Ajâm bisa jhughân èpakabin sellang kalabân bhâlâ semma'na, ajâm alas ijo, sè ngasèllaghi hibrida mandul sè ajâm lakè'na èkennal mènangka ajâm bekisar. Ajâm aparèng ḍuwâ' sombher protèin ḍâlem ḍhâ'ârân: dhâging ajâm bân tellor.

Paddhu pamandhengngan kona pangobuwân ajäm dâlem malolo' spèsiès panèka ènyata'aghi è ḍâlem Encyclopædia Britannica (2007): "Manossa lu-ghâllu malolo' ajâm asal Inḍia ka'angghuy kaparloaan ngaddhu ajâm è Asia, Afrika, bân Èropa. Ta' amaksod ka'angghuy èghâbây tellor otabâ dhâghing".

Biologi bân habitat

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Jhânggâr lakè'
Jhânggâr betina, biasanya lebih kecil

Ajâm èngghi panèka mano' sè rajâ, aktif è bâkto sèyang. Bhâdhânna bungkol, sokona ta' abulu è sabâgiyân bânnya' ras, bân bângbângnga pènḍe'.[2] Ajâm alas bisa ngabbher; ajâm bân otot ngabbherra berrâ' ghâllu ka'angghuy ngabbher lebbi ḍâri jârâ' semma'. [3] Okoran bân bârnana cem-macem antar ras.[2] Ajâm ghântas ḍâri kaḍuwâ' jennis kelamin aghâdhuwi jâmbul adhâghing è cèthakka sè èsebbhut jhânggâr, bân kolè' sè melkot bân aghântong è kaḍuwâ' sisi è bâbâ paruhna sè èsebbhut pial; jhânggâr bân pial lebbi rajâ è ajâm lakè'. Sajumbla ras aghâdhuwi mutasi sè nyebbâbaghi bulu tambâ'ân è bâbâna mowaba, saèngghâ aparèng tampèlan jânggu' [4]

Ajâm panèka kèbân omnivora.[5] È alas, ajâm ngarkar tana ka'angghuy nyarè bâi', sarangghâ, bân kèbân sè rajâna akadhi palapèng, olar kènè', [6] bân tèkos ngoḍâ.[7] Sèttong ajâm bisa oḍi' kantos 5–10 taon, taghântong rassa.[8] Ajâm palèng towa è dhunnya sè èkaonèngè oḍi' kantos 16 taon.[9]

Ajâm sèpatta lèbur akanca, oḍi' akalompo', ngèrremmè tellor, bân marajâ ana' saccara komunal. Kokok ajâm lakè' panèka monyèyan sè kerras bân kadhâng cemprèng, sè aghuna mènangka sinyal tèritorial bâgi sjâm lakè' laènna,[10] bân mènangka rèspon ḍâ' gangghuwan mendada' è kennangan sakètarra. Ajâm binè' akoko' lanyèng sa'amponna atelloran bân ngolok buḍu'na. Ajâm aparèng olokan paènga'an sè bhidhâ ka'angghuy nojjhuwaghi jhâ' bâḍâ predator sè nyemma'è ḍâri langngè' otabâ ḍâri ḍhârât.[11]

Asal

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Ajâm alas mèra, bhâbât ajâm obuwân

Unggas aèng otabâ ḍhârât sè mèbis kalabân ajâm alas moḍèren, ḍâlem Galloformes, ordo mano' sè tamaso' ajâm, slamet ḍâri kadhâddhiyân kapona'an Kapor–Paleogen sè matè'è sadhâjâ mano' è bhungka bân bhâlâna dinosaurus.[12] Ajâm utamana aropa'aghi katoronan ḍâri anâm alas mèra (Gallus gallus) bân saccara ilmia èkalompo'aghi mènangka spèsiès sè paḍâ.[13] Ajâm obuwân bhibhâs akabin sareng pandhudhu' ajâm mèra. Ajâm obuwân kamodiyân èpakabin sareng ajâm alas bu-abu, ajâm alas Sri Lanka, bân ajâm ijo;[14] gèn ka'angghuy kolè' konèng, matsalla, èpamaso' ka ḍâlem mano' obuwân ḍâri ajâm alas bu-abu (G. Sonnerstii). [15] Ra-kèra ajâm abâgi antara 71 bân 79% gènomma sareng unggas alas mèra. .[14]

Pranala lowar

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Sombher

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  1. ↑ Parker, Sybil, P (1984). McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Biology. McGraw-Hill Company.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 "Chicken". Smithsonian's National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute. Archived from the original on 2024-02-02. Retrieved 14 April 2025.
  3. ↑ Geggel, Laura. (2016–12–08). Forget About the Road. Why Are Chickens So Bad at Flying?. Live Science. Aksès (2025–04–14).
  4. ↑ Ying Guo, Xiaorong Gu, Zheya Sheng, Yanqiang Wang, Chenglong Luo, Ranran Liu, Hao Qu, Dingming Shu, Jie Wen, Richard P. M. A. Crooijmans, Örjan Carlborg, Yiqiang Zhao, Xiaoxiang Hu, Ning Li (2016). A Complex Structural Variation on Chromosome 27 Leads to the Ectopic Expression of HOXB8 and the Muffs and Beard Phenotype in Chickens. PLoS Genetics. 12 (6): e1006071. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006071.
  5. ↑ Info on Chicken Care Diarsipkan 2015-06-25 di Wayback Machine.. (2003–08–13). Ideas-4-pets.co.uk. Arsip. Aksès (2025–04–14).
  6. ↑ D Lines (July 27, 2013). "Chicken Kills Rattlesnake". YouTube. Archived from the original on December 4, 2024. Retrieved April 14, 2025.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  7. ↑ Gerard P.Worrell AKA "Farmer Jerry". Frequently asked questions about chickens & eggs Diarsipkan 2008-09-16 di Wayback Machine.. Gworrell.freeyellow.com. Aksès (2025–04–14).
  8. ↑ "The Poultry Guide – A to Z and FAQs". Ruleworks.co.uk. Archived from the original on November 28, 2010. Retrieved April 14, 2025.
  9. ↑ Smith, Jamon (August 6, 2006). "World's oldest chicken starred in magic shows, was on 'Tonight Show'". Tuscaloosa News. Alabama, USA. Archived from the original on February 20, 2019. Retrieved April 14, 2025.
  10. ↑ "Top cock: Roosters crow in pecking order". Phys.org. Archived from the original on January 15, 2018. Retrieved April 14, 2025.
  11. ↑ Evans, Christopher S.; Evans, Linda; Marler, Peter (July 1993). "On the meaning of alarm calls: functional reference in an avian vocal system". Animal Behaviour. 46 (1): 23–38. doi:10.1006/anbe.1993.1158. S2CID 53165305.
  12. ↑ Pennisi, Elizabeth (May 24, 2018). "Quaillike creatures were the only birds to survive the dinosaur-killing asteroid impact". Science. doi:10.1126/science.aau2802.
  13. ↑ Wong, G. K.; Liu, B.; Wang, J.; Zhang, Y.; Yang, X.; Zhang, Z.; et al. (December 9, 2004). "A genetic variation map for chicken with 2.8 million single nucleotide polymorphisms". Nature. 432 (7018): 717–722. Bibcode:2004Natur.432..717B. doi:10.1038/nature03156. PMC 2263125. PMID 15592405.
  14. ↑ 14,0 14,1 Lawal, Raman Akinyanju; Martin, Simon H.; Vanmechelen, Koen; Vereijken, Addie; Silva, Pradeepa; Al-Atiyat, Raed Mahmoud; et al. (December 2020). "The wild species genome ancestry of domestic chickens". BMC Biology. 18 (1): 13. doi:10.1186/s12915-020-0738-1. PMC 7014787. PMID 32050971.
  15. ↑ Eriksson, Jonas; Larson, Greger; Gunnarsson, Ulrika; Bed'hom, Bertrand; Tixier-Boichard, Michele; Strömstedt, Lina; et al. (February 29, 2008). "Identification of the Yellow Skin Gene Reveals a Hybrid Origin of the Domestic Chicken". PLOS Genetics. 4 (2): e1000010. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000010. PMC 2265484. PMID 18454198.
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